Azospirillum brasilense

Y. Bashan and G. Holguin, Root-to-root travel of the beneficial bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 2120 (1994). 

Y. Bashan, M. Singh, and H. Levanony, H. (1989). Contribution of Azospirillum brasilense Cd to growth of tomato seedlings is not through nitrogen fixation. Canadian Journal of Botany (57 1317. 

Azospirillum brasilense under iron starvation produces spirilobactin. Hydrolysis yields DHB, ornithine, and serine of unknown chirality in a ratio of 1 1 1. The molecular mass was not determined and hence it is not known whether spirilobactin forms a (cyclic) trimer. Iron uptake was studied with the Fe " complex (70). 

Machado, H.B. Yates, M.G. Funayama, S. Rigo, L.U. Steffens, M.B. Souza, E.M. Pedrosa, F.O. The ntrBC genes of Azospirillum brasilense are part of a nifR3-like-ntrB-ntrC operon and are negatively regulated. Can. J. Microbiol., 41, 674-684 (1995)... 

Bashan, Y. Levanony, H. (1988). Adsorption of the rhizosphere bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd to soil, sand and peat particles.Journal of General Microbiology, 134,1811-20. Baxter, R. M. (1990). Reductive dechlorination of certain chlorinated organic compounds... 

Abou Aly and Gomaa (2002) evaluated the effect of inoculation with diazotrophs (Azotobacter chroococcum or Azospirillum brasilense) combined with either Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum or Glomus mosseae, in the presence of half the recommended dose of N, on the growth and yield of coriander. Inoculation with A. chroococcum or A. brasilense, combined with G. mosseae,... 

Chan YK, Nelson NM, Knowles R. (1980). Hydrogen metabolism of Azospirillum brasilense in nitrogen-free medium. Can. J. Microbiol. 26, 1126-1131. 

Zhulin, I.B. and Armitage, J.P. (1993). Motility, chemokinesis, and methylation-independent chemotaxis in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 175, 952-958. 

Specific activity refers to nmoles of acetylene reduced per mg protein per minute at 30 C in the presence of saturating amounts of the other protein. Superscript numbers indicate fractions 1 (MoFe protein) or 2 (Fe protein). The nitrogenase components firom several other organisms including Mycobacterium flavum (Biggins et al., 1971), Azospirillum brasilense (Ludden et al., 1978), and Anabaena cylindrica (Tsai and Mortenson, 1978) have been separated and partly purified. 

Whether, this is AMP or not remains to be established. Av2 and Cp2 were relatively free of these compounds. Moreover the uv spectrum of Rr2 contained a shoulder at 269 which was absent from Av2 and Cp2. This evidence, together with the observation that Rr2 and the Fe protein from Azospirillum brasilense require an activating factor (Section II,E), implies that at least two distinct types of nitrogenase Fe proteins exist. 

Fig. 1 The effect of poly[(f )-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) on survival capability of starved bacteria. Cells of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 (filled triangles) and phaC mutant (filled circles) were grown on a medium with a high carbon to nitrogen ratio for 24 h and transferred to phosphate buffer, where they were incubated for 12 days. Bacterial density was determined using dilution plating (Reproduced from Kadouri et al. 2002, with kind permission from the American Society for Microbiology)...

Babel W, Ackermann JU, Breuer U (2001) Physiology, regulation, and limits of the synthesis of poly(3HB). Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 71 125-157 Bahat-Samet E, Castro-Sowinski S, Okon Y (2004) Arabinose content of extracellular polysaccharide plays a role in cell aggregation of Azospirillum brasilense. FEMS Microbiol Lett 237 195-203... 

Burdman S, Jurkevitch E, Schwartsburd B, Hampel M, Okon Y (1998) Aggregation in Azospirillum brasilense effects of chemical and physical factors and involvement of extracellular components. Microbiology 144 1989-1999 Burdman S, Okon Y, Jurkevitch E (2000a) Surface characteristics of Azospirillum brasilense in relation to cell aggregation and attachment to plant roots. Crit Rev Microbiol 26 91-110 Burdman S, Jurkevitch E, Soria-Diaz ME, GU Serrano AM, Okon Y (2(XX)b) Extracellular polysaccharide composition of Azospirillum brasilense and its relation with cell aggregation. EEMS Microbiol Lett 189 259-264... 

O-polysaccharide Azospirillum brasilense 54 and Azospirillum lipoferum SR66 and SR85 199... 

Besides that, Co EMS was earlier applied for monitoring the state of cobalt(ll) in roots of water hyacinth Eichhomia crassipes [28], as well as in cells of a cyanobacterium (the blue-green alga Synechococcus vulcanus) [29] and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli [30] and, more recendy. Azospirillum brasilense in the freeze-dried state [27,32] or in frozen aqueous suspensions (FAS) [31,32] after their contact with Co" in solution). 

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