Diffraction azimuthal angle

Ti 3p core level, distinct increases in ion current also correlated with increases of the secondary electron emission as shown Fig. 3. As no core levels for O and Ti atoms exists at this energy it can be concluded that the sharp increases are due to an enhancement of the ion yield produced by secondary electrons from the Ti02 sublayer. It was also observed that these thresholds are very sensitive to the azimuth angle of the incident electron at the surface. It would appear that this phenomena could be related with the work of Maschhoff, Pan and Madey on the backscattered diffraction of electrons by the Ti02 sublayer [105]. 

With the onset of area detection in powder diffraction a two-dimensional correction has to be applied (Figure 14.11). A formulation of Equation (44) independent of the more accessible scattering angle 29 and the azimuthal angle a has been derived ... 

Relations 3.7 may be visualized as follows. Consider a large sphere with radius unity, centered around the illuminated spot in the liquid surface (XT-plane) (Fig. 3.1). The intersection with the XT-plane is a circle with unit radius. The incident, reflected, and scattering directions are defined by the points A, B, and C on the surface of the sphere. The projections on the XT-plane are given by A, B, and C. The incident and reflected wave vectors are in the XZ-plane. The reflected wave vector k,. makes an angle 0Q with the positive Z-axis. The scattered (diffracted) wave vector k, makes an angle 9 with the positive Z-axis and an azimuthal angle (in the XT-plane) with the positive X-axis. 

In the end and edge patterns on the surface of the NCH and inside the NCH, a pair of clear streak diffractions are observed in the horizontal direction (x-direction). This shows that the silicate layers are aligned parallel to the molded surface. On the surface of the NCH and inside the NCH, the inside streak of the end pattern becomes a little wider toward the azimuth angle. This shows that the alignment of the silicate layers is less orderly inside the NCH than on the surface. 

Comparison of tfie calculated and observed intensities of the (00) beam of electrons diffracted from ZnO (1010). The incident beam parameters (9, ) and the upper layer spacing (d) are included in the figure. The azimuthal angle i is measured from the axis of the unit mesh (see Fig. 1). The phase shifts were obtained from overlapping ionic charge densities, T = 1 K, = 12 A and Vq (inner potential) =... 

Fig. 10. Spin polarised electron energy loss of (00) beam of GdfOOOl) primary energy p = 42 eV, angle of incidence of electron beam 0 = 15°, azimuthal angle < =13° (Weller and Alvarado 1985) (a) the spin-averaged loss intensity versus loss energy, (b) the exchange asymmetry / versus loss energy, (c) the scattering asymetry of elastically diffracted electrons (SPLEED) of primary energy p— AE. The peak at AE = 4.5 eV is associated with 5d-4f transitions.

Auger electron appearance potential spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Appearance potential spectroscopy Angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure... 

Neutron structure analyses were successfully carried out on two crystalline polymers, atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyethylene-d4. Neutron structure analysis supports Bunn s model for atactic poly(vinyl alcohol). Three peaks found on the difference synthesis were assigned to the hydrogen atoms to be associated with the intra molecular hydrogen bond in an isotactic sequence of atactic polymer and the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Neutron diffraction study clarified the detailed crystal structure of polyethylene, in which the azimuthal angle

molecular plane with respect to the b-axis is 45° within the accuracy of the standard deviation 1°. Furthermore, translational and librational motions of the molecule were estimated. The nature of the static disorder in polyethylene was also clarified. 

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