Axons, degenerating

MeUi G, Keswani SC et al (2006) Spatially distinct and functionally independent mechanisms of axonal degeneration in a model of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Brain 129(Pt 5) 1330-1338 MendeU JR, Sahenk Z (2003) Clinical practice. Painful sensory neuropathy. N Engl J Med 348(13) 1243-1255... 

Bjorklund, A Nobin, A and Steveni, U. Regeneration of central serotonin neurons after axonal degeneration induced by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Brain Res 50 214-220, 1973. 

Steele et al. 1987 Battaglia et al. 1988). In summary, previous pharmacologic studies indicate that MDMA and related psychotropic amphetamines have a multiphasic effect marked by an acute release of 5-HT, which may be reversible, followed by a ehronic decrease in 5-HT markers probably due to axon degeneration. 

Macrophage activation 5 Axonal degeneration 6 Programmed cell... 

Cow (Hereford Charolais) once (G) 500 (miosis, salivation, coma, convulsions, decreased blood cholinesterase, axonal degeneration, paralysis) Beck et al. 1977 Fyrquel 150... 

Chicken (Leghorn) 5 d 1 x/d (GO) 240 F (axonal degeneration and demyelination in peripheral nerves and spinal cord white matter) Gaworski et al.. 1986 Durad MP280... 

Chicken 10 wk 10 F (depression of brain and 60 F (ataxia, axonal degeneration)Freudenthal et al. ... 

Bouldin TW, Cavanagh JB. 1979a. Organophosphorus neuropathy. I. A teased-fiber study of the spatio-temporal spread of axonal degeneration. Am J Pathol 94 241-252. 

It is noteworthy that the axonal degeneration that occurs in the PNS of MAG-null mice is not observed in the CNS, possibly because other CNS myelin proteins enhance axonal stability. These could include PLP and/or CNP, both of which are needed for axonal stability in the CNS where they are present in much higher concentration. In summary, it appears that the most important function of MAG in the PNS is transmitting a signal from Schwann cells to axons that is needed for the stability of myelinated axons, whereas its principal function in the CNS is to transmit a signal in the reverse direction that promotes efficient myelination and oligodendrocyte vitality. 

McCarty, J. H, Lacy-Hulber, A., Charest, A., Bronson, R. T., Crowley, D., Housman, D., Savill, J., Roes, J. and Hynes, R. O. Selective ablation of (alpha)V integrins in the central nervous system leads to cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, axonal degeneration and premature death. Development 132 165-176,2005. 

The molecular and cellular events during Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system transform the damaged nerve into an environment that supports regeneration. First, the cut axon degenerates distal to the injury site and, within 18-48 hours, cytoskel-etal disintegration of axonal neurofilaments and microtubules occurs, which is due to proteases such as calpains... 

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