Volumetric average boiling point

Correction to Volumetric Average Boiling Point, VABP, Deg. F... 

Improvement in the accuracy of the linear yield equations might be obtained by using more independent variables in the prediction process. For instance, the use of aniline point and volumetric average boiling point (VABP) might lead to better accuracy. Unfortunately, the published data do not include these two variables. 

Figure 4 Schematic of correlation between mean average boiling point and volumetric average boiling point (Maxwell)...

Boiling-point basis Volumetric average boiling point, which is equal to graphical integration of the differential ASTM distillation curve (Van Winkle s exact method ). 

Fig. 4-51. Effect of volumetric average boiling point on the Di el Indek of diesel or distillate fuels. Oil Gas /.)...

Fiq. 5-4. Relationship between molal, volumetric, and other average boiling points as a function of ASTM slope. Ind. Eng. Chem.)... 

TO Convert Volumetric to Molal Average Boiling Point... 

To be subtracted from the volumetric average boiling point. 

Example -4. Use of figs. S-9 and 5-10. A distillate material of 31.5 API has a volumetric average boiling point of 533°F. According to Fig. 5-9 (see dotted line), such a material will have a molal average boiling point of about 500°F and a Characterization Factor of 11.35. Other pG pertiea are... 

Example 6-6. Critical Pcessure. A gas oil (or material of slope 4.3) has a volumetric average boiling point of 620 F and a pseudo critical temperature of 830 F. According to Fig. 5-12, its molal boiling point is 466 F and it will have a pseudo critical pressure of about 340 psia. 

Follow the same procedure as for zinc. Prepare a stock solution by weighing 3.4 g of the sulphate or 4.1 g of the nitrate and make up to 250 cm in a volumetric flask. Pipette 25.0 cm into a 400 cm beaker. Add 75 cm water and then gradually add 1 M sodium carbonate solution until there is a faint cloudiness. Remove this by the dropwise addition of dilute acetic acid. Warm to 60°C and dissolve in the solution 5 g purest sodium acetate. Then add 2% solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline in ethanol with stirring until a slight excess has been added. Heat the suspension to the boiling point and allow the precipitate to settle. Check for complete precipitation and filter after 10 minutes in a prepared G4 sintered crucible. Wash on the sinter with hot water and dry to constant weigh at 130°C. Calculate from the average of duplicates the concentration of cadmium in mol dm ... 

Example 4-9. Find the Pour Point of a Blend of the Stocks Shown in Table 4-13. The indices of the three stocks are read from Fig. 4 42. After determining the volumetric average index and boiling point (see Table 4-13) of the blcnd namely, 6.S and 530 F, the pour point is found on Fig, 4-42 to be about plus 2 F. 

The phase diagram will be computed as if only the T.B.P. distillation were available because this is most often the situation. The (16-90) T.B.P. slope is (672 — 447) -s-80 = 2.82 deg/per cent. According to Fi. 4-18 the ASTM slope shoiild be about 1,97 (the actual ASTM slope, see above, was 1.84). The average volumetric true boiling point is 550 F and according to Table 4-8, the ASTM average volumetric... 

Prepare a 0.01 M solution of purest potassium or ammonium aluminium sulphate in a 250 cm volumetric flask. Pipette 25.0 cm of the solution into a conical flask, run from a burette 40.0 cm of standard 0.01 M EDTA solution, add ammonia solution, dropwise with stirring, to bring the pH to 7-8 (use a pH stick to check the pH). Boil for a few minutes, cool and adjust the pH again as before. Add 50 mg of Solochrome black/potassium nitrate mixture and titrate quickly with standard 0.01 M zinc sulphate solution until a wine red end point is reached. Repeat to obtain concordant results. Calculate from the average titre the [AI(III)] in mol dm . ... 

---