Avenic acid

Amino acids and amides All 20 proteinogenic amino acids, aminobutyric acid, homoserine, cysrathionine, mugineic acid phytosiderophores (mugineic acid, deoxymugineic acid, hydroxymugineic acid, epi-hydroxymugineic acid, avenic acid, distichonic acid A)... 

The mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores comprises six compounds mugineic acid, avenic acid, 3-hydroxymugeneic acid, 3-epihydroxymugeneic acid,... 

OS121 Fushiya, S., K. Takahaashi, S. Nakat-suyama, Y, Sato, S. Nozoe, and S. Takagi. Co-occurrence of nicotian-amine and avenic acids in Avena sativa and Oryza sativa. Phytochemistry 1982 21 1907-1908. 

Aldehyde 348 has been used in the synthesis of a series of iron-chelating agents. Avenic acid B (352), a minor component in the root extracts of Avena sativa, is easily synthesized in two steps by reductive amination of 348 with L-homoserine lactone hydrobromide (350) under controlled pH (6-7) followed by alkaline hydrolysis [97]. 

Fushiya, S., Takahashi, K., Nakatsuyama, S., Sato, Y, Nozoe, S., Takagi, S., 1982. Co-occurrence of nicotianamine and avenic acids in Avena saliva and Oryza saliva. Phytochemistry 21, 1907-1908. 

The amino acids avenic acid (90) and mugineic acid TV-[3-(3-hydroxy-3-carboxypropylamino)-2-hydroxy-3-carboxypro pyl]-acetidine-2-carboxylic acid (91) are sider-ophores (active scavengers of iron) produced by the roots of grasses in response to iron depletion. Avenic acid from oats Avena sativa, Poaceae) was characterized largely on a basis of its mass and NMR specta the positive Cotton effect in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum suggested that both chiral centers had the 5-configuration (Hunt, 1991). 

The unusual amino-acid avenic acid (195), which possesses iron chelating activity has been synthesized from L-a-hydroxy-y-butyrolactone by two independent groups. Stimulated by its value in biosynthetic studies a route to chiral methylvaline has been developed based on an unusual specificity in the hydrogenation of an isopropenyl function using Wilkinson s catalyst. [3- H]Valine has also been prepared for the same purpose. 

Nelke,/. clove pink (the flower). Nelken-gewachse, n.pl. (Boi.) Caryophylla-ceae. -kassie, /. clove cassia, -ol, n. clove oil, oil of cloves, -pfeffer, m. allspice, pimento, -pfefferwasser, n. (Pharm.) pimento water, -rinde, /. clove cassia, -s ure, /. eugenol caryophyllic acid, -stein, m. iolite. -wurzel, /. avens root. -zim(m)t, m. clove cinnamon, clove cassia. 

As monotherapy, 8-15% gels (which can be buffered to the physiological pH to 4.55) are applied twice a day, after washing the face with a mild soap (e.g. Avene ) if the skin is normal . If the skin is dry, care should be taken not to degrease the skin, so that the gel does not penetrate too deeply. If the skin is oily and/or acneic, it should be degreased with a glycolic acid-based cleanser before applying the gel. It is essential to use effective sun protection. 

In contrast, heuristic approaches make use of information on protein structure such as that available in the Brool aven Protein Data Bank (PDB). This information is often supplemented by energy-based procedures. Cuirently, the most reliable and hence most popular heuristic approach is homology-based model building [12,13], which seeks to predict the structure of a protein ("the target") from the known structure of a related protein ("the template"). Implicit in this approach is the notion that protein structure possesses inherent regularities which limit the variety of 3-D structures that can be formed firom related sequences of amino acids. 

While actinide metals are easily soluble in some mineral acids such as HCl an.d HCIO4, they are typically found in solution in valences IV to VI. However, Baluka and co-workers first reported in 1981 that dissolution of U and Np metals in superacids produces initially trivalent actinides (Baluka et al. 1981). The UV-visible spectra of the U and Np solutions, shown in fig. 2, are characteristic of the trivalent actinides found in aqueous acidic or basic systems. Avens and colleagues (1988) have dissolved both Pu and Am metal and observed trivalent species by UV-visible spectroscopy. The stability of oxidation state (111) for U, Np and Pu is all the more striking especially in light of the lower stability of the series U (lll)-Pu (111) relative to higher oxidation states e.g., trivalent uranium (111) is able to reduce water under normal conditions. In addition to the unusually low oxidation state obtained, another feature of actinide dissolution in... 

AVENEER A process for making methyl methacrylate that uses all the usual raw materials (ammonia, methane, acetone, methanol) but not sulfuric acid. Developed by Evonik Industries (formerly Degussa) and piloted in Worms, Germany. The first commercial plant is to be built in Mobile, AL, for startup in 2015. 

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