Autonomy, consumers

One common method used by management in order to limit, direct and control the discretionary power and autonomy of street-level bureaucrats is work by contract (Lipsky 1980). When this method is used, employees must complete a certain specified number of matters within a specific time. A counter-strategy among street-level bureaucrats when subjected to this kind of method is to shift their focus from complicated and time-consuming matters to matters that can be completed quickly and easily. Within both SWEA and SCI work by contract is practiced on an individual and a collective level - piecework is the phrase the interviewees use when referring to work by contract. Inspectors can, for example, receive one piece for an inspection or a requirement they make on an inspection object. One way to live up to the contract is to accomplish many easy and simplified inspections, especially if there is a risk that the stipulated measures will not be reached. By doing so, the inspectors can create more leeway for their discretion and autonomy. However, at the same time the risk that the policy outcomes will deviate from expected and politically decided on outcomes increases. 

The above presented results confirm the applicability of the miniature laser mass analyzer LASMA in different earth-based areas, where an express elemental and isotopic analysis is needed. The instrument is especially suitable for in-field environmental studies and meets the basic requirements such as small dimensions and mass high mobility high degree of autonomy operation in various working conditions minimal consumption of energy and consumables easy operation and maintenance easy exchange of the main functional blocks fully-automated analysis cycle, registration and identification of the mass spectra. 

APPRI 50 farmers, 2 organic farmers Interaction with city consumers Food autonomy and diversity via box scheme Consumer- validated Solidarity in pricing and integration Food sovereignty communities Fraternity, cooperation Congmence between principle and practice... 

A further step towards autonomy, stemming from the basic system in use, is met only when application modules use an interface already provided. If this does not occur, the conversion to another base system is costly and time consuming. Sometimes it is even cheaper to install a new application module. 

These statistics reveal the outcome of a changing behavior on the part of consumers. What are the changing characteristics of the consumers, however, that bring about this new pattern of investment The annual Household Savings Outlook (2001) provides important insights. First, the traditional distinction between delegation of asset management to a pension fund Board or an insurance firm directors by the majority of consumers, and autonomy in the... 

A fuel cell is an electrochemical converter which continuously converts the chemical energy from a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy, heat and other reaction products. The fuel and the oxidant are stored outside of the cell, and are transferred as the reactants are consumed. Thus, the sizing in terms of power depends only on the fuel cell itself, whereas the sizing in terms of energy, whieh notably determines the autonomy, depends on the capacity of the external fuel- and oxidant tanks. This characteristic is one of the fundamental differences with an accumulator battery. 

A system s behavior may be represented by more than one of these descriptions. A domestic example of such a system, iRobot s Roomba line of robotic vacuum cleaners, illustrates how prosaic automation and autonomy have become. The Roomba must navigate a house full of obstacles while ensuring that the carpet is cleaned—a challenging task for a consumer product. We can evaluate the Roomba s characteristics using the definitions given above ... 

Whitty, G. (1997) School autonomy and parental choice consumer rights versus citizen rights in education poUcy in Britain. In D. Bridges (ed.) Education, Autonomy and Democratic Citizenship Philosophy in a Changing World. London Routledge. 

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