Autoimmune diseases gold salt induced

Studies of xenobiotic-induced immune dysregulation in animal models. Hydralazine and procainamide-induced autoimmunity HgClj and gold salt-induced autoimmunity The impact of genetic studies in our understanding of immunological-mediated toxic-induced renal disease ... 

Drugs can cause a wide variety of other autoimmune reactions. One example is myasthenia gravis, which is characterized by muscle weakness and is mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. It has been reported in association with penicillamine [66], gold salts [67], and procainamide [68]. Another form of drug-induced autoimmunity is polymyositis, which is an autoimmune disease... 

Of all rat strains, the Brown Norway (BN) rat is used most frequently in relation to chemical-induced autoimmunity. This strain displays clinically manifested autoimmune disease following exposure to a number of chemicals. HgCl2 is the most scrutinized compound in the BN rat but D-penicillamine [6-8], gold-salts [9,10],hexachlorobenzene (HCB) [11-14] and recently, nevirapine [15], have all been shown to induce clinical effects. Captopril [7] and felbamate [16] appeared not to induce autoimmune effects in BN rats. 

The fact that normal BN T-cells incubated with HgCl2 transferred the disease [131] suggested that the effect of the metal on T-cells was sufficient for the induction of autoimmunity. Figure 3 summarizes some events by which HgCl2 or gold salts may induce autoreactivity. 

A number of studies have been performed to induce systemic immunosensitization and autoimmunity (i.e. autoantibody formation or autoreactive T cells) in mice, and, again, occurrence of disease appears to be strain dependent. Robinson et al. (1986) compared in one study a large number of MHC-defined mouse strains with respect to induction of antinuclear autoantibodies by mercury(II) chloride (subcutaneously, detected after 0.5-2 months), gold salts (intramuscularly, detected after 1-5 months), and D-penicillamine (orally, detected after 4.5-5 months) and reported that A.SW mice were high responders to all three chemicals. 

---