Autofluorescence

Delori, F. C. et al. (2001). Macular pigment density measured by autofluorescence spectrometry Comparison with reflectometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 18 1212-1230. 

Robson, A. G. et al. (2003). Macular pigment density and distribution Comparison of fundus autofluorescence with minimum motion photometry. Vision Research 43(16) 1765-1775. 

Trieschmann, M. et al. (2006). Macular pigment optical density measurement in autofluorescence imaging Comparison of one- and two-wavelength methods. Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 244 1565-1574. 

Delori FC (2004), Autofluorescence method to measure macular pigment optical densities Fluorometry and autofluorescence imaging, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 430 156-162. 

Trieschmann M, Spittal G, Lommartzsch A, van Kuijk E, Fitzke F, Bird AC, and Pauleikoff D (2003), Macular pigment Quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images, Graefe s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 241 1006-1012. 

Holz, FG, Bindewald-Wittich, A, Fleckenstein, M, Dreyhaupt, J, Scholl, HP, and Schmitz-Valckenberg, S, 2007. Progression of geographic atrophy and impact of fundus autofluorescence patterns in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 143, 463-472. 

FIGURE 16.4 Precursors of RPE cell lipofuscin form in the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. The retina of normal rat (A, B) and the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat (C, D) viewed under the phase contrast (A, C) and the epifluorescence microscopy (B, D). In the normal rat, autofluorescent material accumulates as lipofuscin in RPE cells (arrows). In the RCS, due to a defect in RPE cell phagocytosis, shed outer segment membrane builds up at the photoreceptor-RPE interface the autofluorescence in this debris is attributable to lipofuscin precursors that form in photoreceptor outer segments. 

Wolff M, Kredel S, Wiedenmann J, Nienhaus GU, Heilker R (2008) Cell-based assays in practice cell markers from autofluorescent proteins of the GFP-family. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 11 602-609... 

The main drawback to the INDO-1 system is autofluorescence from the sample, arising from competitive excitation of biological chromophores. If the ligand has another fault, it is that it binds so strongly to calcium that it might buffer the metal ion concentration under certain... 

While fluorescent imaging techniques offer very high sensitivity, there remains the problem of background noise arising from fluorescence from the sample itself (autofluorescence). There are two strategies to overcome this (i) two-photon excitation,32 and (ii) the use of phosphorescent... 

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