Austro-Hungarian Empire

Steiner was born in 1861 in a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that would later become Yugoslavia. He was an architect... 

Jaroslav Heyrovsky was born on November 20, 1890, in Prague (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), where he also died on March 27, 1967. He began studying chemistry and physics at Prague University in 1909. 

Feb. 20,1844, Vienna, Austria - Sep. 5,1906 in Duino, Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Italy) is justly famous for his invention of statistical mechanics. At different times in his fife he held chairs in theoretical physics at Graz, and in mathematics at Vienna. He also lectured in philosophy. His principal achievement, and the trigger for innumerable vitriolic attacks from the scientific establishment, was his introduction of probability theory into the fundamental laws of physics. This radical program demohshed two centuries of confidence that the fundamental laws of Nature were deterministic. Astonishingly, he also introduced the concept of discrete energy levels more th an thirty years before the development of quantum mechanics. 

Mar. 22,1874 Semily, then Austro-Hungarian Empire -Apr. 16, 1921, Prague, Czechoslovakia) Since 1912, Professor of experimental physics at Charles University, Prague. Kucera introduced the measurement of surface tension of polarized mercury by applying the dropping mercury electrode [i] rather than the Lippmann capillary electrometer, and he inspired thereby -> Heyrovsky, J. to introduce - polarography. 

Lilienfeld, Julius Edgar — (Apr. 18, 1881, Lemberg, Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Lviv, Ukraine - Aug. 28, 1963, Charlotte Amalie, the Virgin Islands, USA) Lilienfeld proposed the basic principle behind the MOS field-effect transistor in 1925 [i]. This was the background of all field-effect transistors used now, including - ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) used in numerous electrochemical sensors. 

Mar. 11, 1891, Budapest, Hungary (Austro-Hungarian Empire) - Feb. 22,1976, Oxford, UK) Polanyi completed his medical studies at Budapest University and became a physician. While serving as a medical officer during World War I, he worked on the application of quantum theory to the third law of thermodynamics and on the thermodynamics of adsorption. In 1920 Polanyi received an appointment to the Institute of Fiber Chemistry in Berlin where he dealt with the X-ray diffraction of cellu-... 

Polish scientist (May 28, 1872, Vorderbriihl/Vienna, Austria - Sep. 5, 1917, Krakau, Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Krakow, Poland) 1890-1894 study of physics at Vienna University, 1895 Ph.D. in physics at Vienna University, 1895-1898 research with -> Lippmann, Lord Kelvin, and Warburg 1898 habilitation at Vienna University 1900 associate professor of theoretical physics at Lwow (Lvov, Lviv) University 1903 full professor of theoretical physics at Lwow University 1913 full professor of experimental physics and rector (1917) at the Jagellonian... 

Szebelledy, Laszlo — (Apr. 20,1901, Budapest, Hungary (Austro-Hungarian Empire) - Jan. 23, 1944, Budapest, Hungary) Earned M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Budapest. He joined the staff of the same university and became a professor of inorganic and analytical chemistry in 1939. He also worked with Treadwell in Zurich and with Bottger in Leipzig. 

Galicia (in the Austro-Hungarian Empire) deserves mention. Luft obtained a patent in England ( 10,218) in 1902 for the "Process for Producing Plastic Compounds 1 from phenol, formaldehyde and sulfuric acid. It was an awkward process, Sir James Swinburne (Courtesy London o but Luft made several samples. Enter now Science Museum).. ... 

In Austria and Hungary there are apparently no organized centers, but the University of Vienna Library and the Austrian National Library (The author is indebted to discussion from the floor for this information.) are good sources of information for those countries and for the universities in the area of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire. 

Leo H. Sternbach was born in Austria in 1908. In 1918, after World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,... 

Belgium, 700,000 tons and Austro-Hungarian Empire, 570,000 tons. 

Gusztav Buchbock (Fig. 12.4) was bom in Pozsony (Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Bratislava, Slovakia) on Febmary 15, 1869. He graduated at the University of Budapest and started to work at the Chemistry Institute of K oly Than (1834— 1908) of the same university. As it was usual at that time, he spent a longer study trip at the laboratories of Wilhelm Ostwald and Nemst in Leipzig and Gottingen, respectively. He became the professor of physical chemistry at the Budapest University in 1914, and he remained in this position until his death on October 1, 1935. 

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