Auger transitions, energies

Nefedov VI, Yarzhemsky VG, Chuvaev AV, Tishkina EM (1988) Determination of effective atomic charge, extra-atomic relaxation and Madelung energy in chemical compounds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron and auger transition energies. J Electron Spectr Relat Phenom... 

If ionization of a core level X in an atom A in a solid matrix M by a primary electron of energy Ep gives rise to the current Ij (XYZ) of electrons produced by the Auger transition XYZ, then the Auger current from A is... 

Similarly to Eq. (2.6), fCis a proportionality constant containing fixed operating conditions, for example incident electron current density, transmission of the analyzer at the kinetic energy Ea, efficiency of the detector at the kinetic energy Ea, and the probability of the Auger transition XYZ. 

Figure 1 Experimental gas phase Nj Auger spectrum (Siegbahn et al [6]) and estimated transition energies for normal processes (vertical lines) and for the other most important processes (dashed vertical lines).

Figure 7. Dependence of the kinetic energy of the Ag M4VV Auger-transition on BE of the Ag 3ds/2 core level during ion bombardment of the Ag islands. The characteristic energies of certain silver compounds and alloys are also shown for comparison. (Data compiled from Ref [163].)...

The energy of an Auger transition, for example KLM, is to a first approximation given by ... 

Auger transitions are due to the transfer of a solid electron to the ion, coupled with the excitation of a second electron into an Auger state of energy in the solid. Thus, the TDAN Hamiltonian is augmented by the terms ... 

In Auger transitions, incident electrons interact with the inner shell electrons E of the sample. The vacancy created by an ejected inner shell electron is filled by an outer shell electron (Ei), and a second outer shell electron ( 2) is ejected leaving the atom in a doubly ionized state. The electrons ejected from the outer shells are called Auger electrons, named after the Frenchman Pierre Auger, who discovered the effect. Thus, AES measures the energies of the Auger electrons ( a) emitted from the first 10 A of a sample surface. The energy equation is expressed as... 

Let us turn our attention to the dominant recombination or deexcitation processes that follow the excitation of electrons from the inner shell or from the valence shell (Fig. 13). The first mode of deexcitation is the Auger process, which leads to further electron emission. The second mode of deexcitation may result in the emission of electromagnetic radiation and is commonly called X-ray fluorescence. In the Auger transition, the electron vacancy in an inner shell is filled by an electron from an outer band. The energy released by this transition is transferred to another electron in any... 

A more probable process for compounds of light elements is the transfer of the energy released with occupation of a core vacancy to one or several more weakly bound electrons. This process was named after its discoverer—the Auger effect. In contrast to luminescence tansitions, involving electrons of only two shells, an Auger transition involves electrons of three or more shells, and it is this the complicated notation of... 

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