KLL Auger transition

Advantages of silicon x-radiation include the access of aluminum and magnesium core level (Is) lines and the corresponding (KLL) Auger transitions for chemical state identification and improved quantitation, because these lines are at least 10 times more intense than the corresponding (2p) or (2s) lines. The construction of an off-axis reactor has produced a simple, versatile and inexpensive system easily adapted to any vacuum system. The role of AES and SAM in catalyst research will also be highlighted by examples. 

The Roentgen luminescence (i.e., the emission of an X-ray quantum) is significant only for elements with Z > 20. The ratio of the Auger effect probability to that of Roentgen luminescence is WA/Wx = 106/Z4. 43 In Table II we present the values of the probabilities WA and VYX together with the fluorescence yield for the KLL Auger transition for a number of... 

Table 6.2 Comparison of the branching ratios of the KK-KLL Auger transitions in doubly core-ionized Ne...

A striking feature of the core Auger spectra is the multiplet structure of the diagram lines. Looking at the case of, for example, KLL Auger transitions in the... 

Kinetic energy of the oxygen KLL Auger transition plus the Binding Energy of the oxygen Is electron, a. 

Auucr emissions arc described in terms of the type of oihita transitions mvobed in the production of the eleciron. I or example, a KLl. Auger transition in-v[Pg.598]

Figure 3 Highly resolved Si KLL Auger transitions of silicon dioxide (dashed line), silicon nitride (solid line), and zero-valent silicon (dotted line). (Reproduced with permission from ULVAC-PHI.)...

In X-ray notation the Auger transition shown in Fig. 2.1 would therefore be labeled KL2L3. In this coupling scheme, six Auger transitions would be possible in the KLL series. Obviously, many other series are possible (e. g., KLM, LMM, MNN). These are discussed more fully in Sect. 2.2, dealing with AES. 

The nomenclature used in AES has also been mentioned in Sect. 2.1.1. The Auger transition in which initial ionization occurs in level X, followed by the filling of X by an electron from Y and ejection of an electron from Z, would therefore be labeled XYZ. In this rather restricted scheme, one would thus find in the KLL series the six possible transitions KLiLi, KL1L2, KL1L3, KL2L2, KL2L3, and KL3L3. Other combinations could be written for other series such as the LMM, MNN, etc. 

SOLID-STATE AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON KLL AUGER SPECTRA (DIAGRAM TRANSITIONS) OF 3d TRANSITION METALS EXPERIMENTS AND MODELS OF INTERPRETATION... 

Figure 14.2 Multiplet energies in KLL Auger spectra of some 3d transition metals, calculated using configuration B for metal clusters, in comparison with experimental data published earlier. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [5].

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