Audio CDs

One of the best ways to distribute your songs is on an audio CD. There is no format that is more universally accessible and allows your music to be played back at 100 percent quality on a proper audio system. This is also a cost-effective solution as well. CD writers are now easily available for under 150 and are often standard equipment on new PCs. Blank discs have fallen well below one dollar and can be purchased in bulk for around thirty cents a piece. If you have been looking for an excuse to buy a CD writer (CD-R), ACID is it, and now is the time. 

Audio CDs are formatted in a very specific way (Red Book Standard). CDs formatted as data CDs are distinct from audio CDs, although data CDs are still a great way to back up ACID songs and projects. 

Before you can write an audio CD (called burning), ACID must be configured to recognize your CD-writing hardware. From the Options menu, select Preferences and click the CD tab. In the Write drive box, select your CD writer from the list. In the Write speed box, select Max. Unless you have problems with CD writing errors, the driver used to do the writing will automatically select the fastest possible writing speed. Some older CD writers and their drivers may cause problems and you may have to set the Write speed manually in this box. 

---

CD-ROM disks are nearly identical to the weU-known compact disk-digital audio (CD-DA short CD). The information on a CD-ROM is stamped in the form of clearly defined pits on the disk surface during the disk s manufacture, using injection mol ding or injection stamping techniques. A metal stamper transfers the digital information to the disk s surface. 

ISO-Nomi 9660), respectively. This is equivalent to 200,000 pages of text. The access time is between 200 and 600 ms. The data transfer rate of a standard audio CD player is 144 KB/s, but dedicated CD-ROM drives can transfer data at up to 300 KB/s by doubling the rotational speed of the disk. 

Besides the estabUshed audio CD and CD-ROM, there are other variants of optical storage disks with imprinted information which differ in the way the data are processed. 

Polycarbonates. Currently, all audio CDs (CD-AD), all CD-ROM, and the biggest fraction of substrate disks for WORM and EOD worldwide are manufactured from a modified bisphenol A—polycarbonate (BPA-PC) (3). In 1991, some 1.3 x 10 compact disks were produced, equivalent to an annual amount of about 35,000 t BPA-PC. WORM and EOD disks are manufactured mainly from BPA-PC for sizes of 5.25 in. and below, and glass for larger form factors (eg, 12 in.), partially also from BPA-PC, and in some cases from aluminum or from cross-linked polymers (epoxy resins) (190). 

Poly(methyl methacrylate). PMMA offers distinct advantages over BPA-PC with respect to significandy lower birefringence, higher modulus, and lower costs, but has not been successhil as a material for audio CDs and CD-ROM as well as a substrate material for WORM and EOD disks because of its high water absorption (which makes it prone to warp) and its unsuitabiUty for metallising, and less so because of its low resistance to... 

Course no. 1200. 36 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture. Available as 6 DVDs, 9 videotapes, 18 audio CDs, 18 audiotapes, 3 transcript books. Several lectures specifically on alchemy... 

Course no. 893. 24 lectures, 30 minutes/lecture. Available as 4 DVDs, 6 videotapes, 12 audio CDs, 12 audiotapes, 2 transcript books. One lecture is specifically on "Hermeticism, Astrology, Alchemy, and Magic"... 

The Compact Disk Digital Audio (CD-DA) was successfully introduced into the market in the early 1980s. It was designed to store at least one hour of high-quality stereo sound using digital techniques. Philips and Sony worked jointly on the specification for CD Audio, known as the Red Book. The use of compact disks was subsequently extended to the storage of computer data, with... 

CD-R was something of a surprise invention as, in the late 1980s, most of the major manufacturers in the optical memory area were commercializing the non-standard and relatively expensive WORM media, while focusing their research and development efforts on erasable optical storage. It was also believed that a writeable CD-Audio/CD-ROM-compatible medium was not feasible, due to the high reflectivity needed to meet the CD standard as defined by the Red and Orange Books.196... 

Cross section of audio CD, label side on top (not to scale)... 

The first CD standard, called the Red Book standard, is the standard for recording digital audio (audio CDs that you play in your home CD player). It specifies the recording level as 16-bit, 44.1 KHz, and that the entire disk will have an index of the music tracks stored on it. The Yellow Book standard defines the main requirements for data storage on a CD-ROM. This standard supports both PC (ISO9660) and Mac (HFS) file system formats as well as file system formats from other vendors (DEC and VMS). 

The laser in an audio CD player uses light with a wavelength of 7.80 X 10 nm. Calculate the frequency of this light. 

The building block for PC is bisphenol-A (BPA). PC is a tough, durable, shatter- and heat-resistant, transparent plastic. Audio-CD (the first in 1982), followed by CD-ROM... 

While audio CDs usually do not require photorealism graphics, other CD applications do. For example, shops that currently screen print photo CDs are feeling pressure to achieve... 

Kasser, J. L. (2006). Philosophy of science [audio CDs lecture notes]. ChantUly, VA Teaching Company. 

The roots of CD-R are found in audio CD, and thus some of the parameters, recording formats, and performance features are based on the Red Book standard (which has tended to be a handicap). The CD format (Bouwhuis et al, 1985) is not well suited for random access block oriented recording. The CD format leads to a sequential recording system, much like a tape recorder. 

If you want to create an audio CD that others can play on their home stereo or car CD players, the standard Windows Wav (. wav) format is a good choice. The quality is very high, but these files are far too large to e-mail to friends or post on the Internet. 

Select the bit-depth that you are converting to with the Quantization depth control. For example, if you are converting an audio track fi m 24 bit to 16 bit for an audio CD, you d set the Quantization depth to 16 bit (default). Dithering is more important when down converting to 8 bit. 

The other use is to quickly brighten up a track (enhance), especially one that has been softened with any number of other effects. One example might be a track that has been compressed to make it a bit louder in a mix. This can sometimes result in a flatter, less lively sound. Another notable example is when down sampling. Down sampling is the process of changing the sample rate from, say, an audio CD at 44,100 Hz to 11,025 Hz for distribution over the Internet. The Smooth Enhance plug-in has one simple Operation slider that is used to control the effect. 

The. wav format is the most widely accepted format, but many other standard formats may also work. Consnlt your audio CD-burning software for more information. 

---