Attribute pattern

Blt-M ppedImages. A bit map is a grid pattern composed of tiny cells or picture elements called pixels. Each pixel has two attributes a location and a value or set of values. Location is defined as the address of the cell in a Cartesian, ie, x andjy coordinate, system. Value is defined as the color of the pixel in a specified color system. Geometric quaUties of images are a function of the location attribute, ie, the finer the grid pattern, the more precisely can the geometric quaUties be controlled. Color quaUties are a function of the value attribute, ie, the more bytes of computer memory assigned to describe each pixel, the more precisely can the color quaUties be controlled. 

In order to estimate diying rates from Eq. (12-42) values of the empirical constants are required for the particular geometry under consideration. For flow parallel to plane plates, exponent n has been reported to range from 0.35 to 0.8 [Chu, Lane, and Conklin, Ind. E/ig. Chem., 45, 1856 (1953) Wenzel and White, Ind. Eng. Chem., 51, 275 (1958)]. The differences in exponent have been attributed to differences in flow pattern in the space above the evaporating surface. In the absence of apphcable specific data, the heat-transfer coefficient for the parallel-flow case can be taken, for estimating purposes, as... 

Curvature in a Br nsted-type plot is sometimes attributed to a change in transition state structure. This is not a change in mechanism rather it is interpreted as a shift in extent of bond cleavage and bond formation within the same mechanistic pattern. Thus, Ba-Saif et al. ° found curvature in the Br nsted-type plot for the identity reactions in acetyl transfer between substituted phenolates this reaction was shown earlier. They concluded that a change in transition state structure occurs in the series. Jencks et al." caution against this type of conclusion solely on the evidence of curvature, because of the other possible causes. 

The familiar pattern of 2-amination with sodamide ( — 33°, 90% yield) occurs also with 1,5-naphthyridine. Greater reactivity at the 2-position is attributed, as before, to a cyclic transition state with electrophilic attack at a ring-nitrogen concomitant with nucleophilic attack adjacent to the cationic center thus formed. 

Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds such as distearyldimethylammonium-chloride (DSDMAC) used as a softener and as an antistatic, form hydrated particles in a dispersed phase having a similar structure to that of the multilayered liposomes or vesicles of phospholipids 77,79). This liposome-like structure could be made visible by electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture replica technique as shown by Okumura et al. 79). The concentric circles observed should be bimolecular lamellar layers with the sandwiched parts being the entrapped water. In addition, the longest spacings of the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern can be attributed to the inter-lamellar distances. These liposome structures are formed by the hydrated detergent not only in the gel state but also at relatively low concentrations. 

Fig. 43. Fragments of X-ray powder diffraction patterns of compounds with rock-salt structures that underwent modification to a state of disordered ionic arrangement. 1 - Li3Ta04 2 - LiflbO 3 - Li4Ta04F 4 - Li3Ti03F 5 -LiiFeOiF 6 - LiNiOF (Reflections attributed to LiF are marked by an asterisk).

Balabanov et al. [499] found an endothermic effect in the thermographic pattern of the decomposition of niobium hydroxide at 435°C that corresponds to complete removal of water. At the above temperature, amorphous niobium hydroxide also converts into amorphous niobium oxide. Ciystallization of the amorphous oxide occurs at a higher temperature with the release of energy [28]. Researchers [499] reported on another exothermal effect at 549°C that was attributed to the crystallization temperature of amorphous niobium oxide. Decomposition of tantalum hydroxide and its conversion into crystalline tantalum oxide occurs at about 710°C [502] or at 670-700°C according to another source [132]. 

The mass spectra of l-acyl-l//-l-benzazepines have been recorded.23 The mass spectrum of 3-mesyl-3/7-3-benzazepine shows an intense base peak at m/e = 142duetothebcnzazepinylium ion and a peak (51 %) at m/e — 115 (-HCN) which is attributed to the indenium cation.26 Fragmentation patterns for 1H- and 5/7-2-benzazepines40 and for 5//-dibenz[c,e]azepine5 are available. The electron-impact induced fragmentation pattern of 5//-dibenz[6,/]azepine displays an intense molecular ion as the base peak, and a moderately intense (M + 1) peak.5 ... 

The diffuse nature of orexinergic projections is consistent with combined patterns of expression of the two orexin receptors, which is widespread but differential and often complementary within and even outside the CNS. OX2Rs are found primarily in structures attributed to control of sleq)-wake functions, whereas OXIRs are more abundant in limbic structures controlling aspects of feeding, autonomic outflow, energy homeostasis, and to a lesser extent also REM-sleq). 

In any particular situation, it is usually possible to give a variety of reasons why the observed quantity behaves in an erratic manner. The observed quantity may be critically dependent on certain parameters and the observed fluctuations attributed to slight variations of these parameters. The implication here is that the observed fluctuations appear erratic only because we have not taken the trouble to make a sufficiently precise analysis of the situation to disclose the pattern the observations are following. It is also possible, in some situations, to adopt the viewpoint that certain aspects of the phenomenon being studied are inherently unknowable and that the best physical laws we can devise to explain the phenomenon will have some form of randomness or unpredictability built into them. Such is the case, for example, with thermal noise voltages, which are believed to be governed by the probabilistic laws of quantum physics. 

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