Atoms solar system model

Each element has its own line spectrum. This is why the line spectrum for an element is also considered to be a fingerprint for that particular element. Because the amounts of light given off by the excited atoms were in fixed amounts, Bohr termed them quantized amounts of light. These fixed amounts of energy proved that the electrons could only make certain jumps between the orbits that were at fixed distances in the atom. Because of these fixed, circular orbits, Bohr s model of the atom is often referred to as the solar system model of the atom (see Figure 3.4). 

It is interesting to note that straightforward Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization of the action (6.1.11) yields the exact result (6.1.25) for the bound state energies. In our units the Bohr-Sommerfeld condition results in / = n, n = 1,2,. Inserting this result into (6.1.13) indeed reproduces (6.1.25) exactly. This is the same happy accident which allowed Bohr (1913) to obtain the Balmer formula from a simple solar system model of a one-electron atom. 

Why is the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom referred to as the solar system model ... 

Scientists have known for a long time that it is incorrect to think of electrons as tiny particles orbiting the nucleus like planets around the sun. Nevertheless, nonscientists have become used to picturing them in this way. In some circumstances, this solar system model of the atom may be useful, but you should know that the electron is much more unusual than that model suggests. The electron is extremely tiny, and modern physics tells us that strange things happen in the realm of the very, very small. 

A) Two-dimensional Bohr solar system model of the atom depicting the first five orbits (n = 1 -5) B) three-dimensional equivalent of the Bohr model of the atom... 

Bohr model solar-system model of the atom electrons in specific orbits around the nucleus... 

Two other models for the atom are important. One was proposed by a Danish scientist by the name of Neils Bohr in 1913. This model was called the solar system model because he proposed that the electrons orbit the nucleus much like the planets orbit the sun. The other was proposed by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. The Schrodinger model is called the quantum mechanical model and is the model that we use today to explain and predict atomic behavior. Each of these two models is explained more fully in the sections that follow. A summary of the history of the development of atomic theory is given in Table 4.1... 

Solar system model—c Nuclear atom—e Original atomic theory—b Quantum mechanical model—a Plum pudding model—d Neutron—g... 

The capacity to solve novel problems by constructing analogies to already-used visualisations. (Gilbert, 2008). For example, using Kepler s model of the Solar System to explain the electronic structure of an atom, in the manner of Bohr, and hence being able to predict, very approximately, the absorption spectram that it will produce. 

To a first approximation, we may assume that the electrons follow elliptical orbits with the nucleus at one focus of the ellipse. This model of the atom thus resembles the Solar System, with the electrons in the role of planets and the nucleus standing in for the Sun. 

Discovering what lies behind a hill or beyond a neighborhood can be as simple as taking a short walk. But curiosity and the urge to make new discoveries usually require people to undertake journeys much more adventuresome than a short walk, and scientists often study realms far removed from everyday observation—sometimes even beyond the present means of travel or vision. Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus s (1473-1543) heliocentric (Sun-centered) model of the solar system, published in 1543, ushered in the modern age of astronomy more than 400 years before the first rocket escaped Earth s gravity. Scientists today probe the tiny domain of atoms, pilot submersibles into marine trenches far beneath the waves, and analyze processes occurring deep within stars. 

In 1907, Rutherford moved to the University of Manchester and in 1909 he discovered the atomic nucleus. In 1911 he announced his revolutionary idea on the nature of the atom and lie developed a model of the atom showing it similar to the solar system. He proposed the idea that almost all the mass and all the positive electricity in an atom was densely concentrated in a Sny nucleus and the electrons circled around it like planets around the sun. 

According to an early theory about the atom, the atom looks like a mini solar system. The nucleus of the atom would be the Sun and the electrons are the orbiting planets. This model of the atom is called the Bohr model. It is named for the Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, who proposed electron shells in 1913. The Bohr model is very useful for understanding how atoms work, but it does not answer some questions about the behavior of all atoms. 

Bohr model A model of the atom developed by Niels Bohr resembles the solar system. 

Many atomic models were imagined by scientists, but these were not ideas proposed from the direct observation of atoms. One of the models was like grapes distributed throughout a cake, another like the solar system and another like the layers of an onion. 

Rutherford s proposed atomic model was just like the solar system, with small bodies (the planets, etc) orbitting the sun due to the attraction force exerted on them by a large body (the sun). 

Rutherford s atomic model Just like the solar system, an atom has a nucleus, consisting of positively charged particles, around which electrons orbit. 

The atoms, specifically their nuclei, that comprise the solar system were made in a variety of environments (cf. Woolum, 1988). H and most of the He were made in the Big Bang. The He/H ratio, and the isotope ratios D/H and 3He/4He, are adequately accounted for in Big Bang models perhaps a better statement is that these ratios provide important constraints on such models. The Big Bang made just a little heavier... 

The first quantitative atomic model appeared early in the previous century, based on the pioneering work of Lord Rutherford and the Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It was devised in simple analogy with Kepler s model of the solar system and, despite a number of known fatal defects, it has such intuitive appeal that, even today, scientists and non-scientists alike accept it as the most reasonable working model for understanding the distribution of electrons in atoms. Formulation of the model was guided by three important experimental observations which had no obvious explanation in terms of 19th century physics. 

By now, it was becoming clear that there was a connection between electrons in bodies, the radiant energy emitted by those bodies, and the distribution of that energy in the spectrum. But a more detailed theory with more information was needed. Rutherford had proposed an atom modeled on the solar system, with electrons orbiting around a positive nucleus and a lot of empty space between the electrons and the nucleus. In 1913 the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962), who worked with Rutherford for four years and on his return to Copenhagen made Denmark a world center of theoretical physics, published one of the twentieth century s most important papers. He applied Planck s equation and the notion of quantization of energy to Rutherford s... 

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