Whistle atomization

Whether radiation is being absorbed or emitted the frequency at which it takes place depends on the velocity of the atom or molecule relative to the detector. This is for the same reason that an observer hears the whistle of a train travelling towards him or her as having a frequency apparently higher than it really is, and lower when it is travelling away from him or her. The effect is known as the Doppler effect. 

Doppler broadening, caused by the thermally induced movement of atoms relative to the spectrometer. (This is analogous to the apparent change in pitch of a train whistle as it approaches and passes an observer.)... 

Whistle Atomization 50 (10kHz, <75 l/min) 7 (>20 kHz, 0.125kg/min 0.33 MPa) Atomization of liquid metals for powder production Fine droplets, High gas efficiency Broad droplet size distribution... 

Figure 2.12. Schematic of a whistle atomizer. (Reprinted from Ref. 88 with permission.)...

The Hartmann-whistle acoustic atomizer requires gas pressures in excess of 0.3 MPa and air to liquid mass ratios greater than 0.2. Flow rates as large as 1.7 kg/min (water or oil) can be handled with large atomizers. Water droplets as fine as 7 pm can be generated at a flow rate of 0.125 kg/min, a gas pressure of 0.33 MPa, and a... 

Atomization of melts has, in principle, some similarity to the atomization of normal liquids. The atomization processes originally developed for normal liquids, such as swirl jet atomization, two-fluid atomization, centrifugal atomization, effervescent atomization, ultrasonic piezoelectric vibratory atomization, and Hartmann-whistle acoustic atomization, have been deployed, modified, and/or further developed for the atomization of melts. However, water atomization used for melts is not a viable technique for normal liquids. Nevertheless, useful information and insights derived from the atomization of normal liquids, such as the fundamental knowledge of design and performance of atomizers, can be applied to the atomization of melts. 

When your whistle is confined to the tube, the consequence is a quantization of its frequencies. When an electron wave is confined to an atom, the consequence is a quantization of the electron s energy. 

The results reported in this chapter are confined to two fuels propane gas supphed tangentially at station 3 and hquid kerosene supplied with an ultrasonic whistle nozzle atomizer on the central axis at the base of the combustor. 

Ultrasonic nozzles are designed to specifically operate from a vibration energy source. In ultrasonic atomization, a liquid is subjected to a sufficiently high intensity of ultrasonic field that splits it into droplets, which are then ejected from the liquid-ultrasonic source interface into the surrounding air as a fine spray (Rajan and Pandit 2001). A number of basic ultrasonic atomizer types, like capillary wave, standing wave, bending wave, fountain, vibrating orifice, and whistle, etc., exist. 

Remember the head football coach with a whistle round his neck who always had his whiteboard in hand on game day He s going to be our model example of how to draw pictures that represent atoms known as Lewis structures (and a model example of what not to wear on a Friday night). 

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