Atomic force microscopy -based

Fontaine, P. A., et al. (1998), Characterization of scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy-based techniques for nanolithography on hydrogen-passivated silicon, J. Appl. Phys., 84(1), 1776-1781. 

Passed D, Rossi M, Tamburri E, Terranova ML. Mechanical characterization of polymeric thin films by atomic force microscopy based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013 405 (5) 1463-78. 

Zhang, Y., Cui, F. Z., Wang, X. M., Feng, Q. L., and Zhu, X. D. 2002. Mechanical properties of skeletal bone in gene-mutated stopsel(dtl28d) and wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio) measured by atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation. Bone 30, 541-546. 

Harris AR, Charras GT (2011) Experimental validatirai of atomic force microscopy-based cell elasticity measurements. Nanotechnology 22(2011) 345102, (10 pp) lOP... 

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a atomic force microscopy-based lithographic technique that can be used to generate patterns with dimensions extending from a few nanometers to micrometers. In this technique, a water meniscus, deliberately created by slowly scanning an atomic force cantilever on a substrate, is used to deliver molecules or other material previously coated on the tip to the surface. The cantilever acts as a nib delivering previously coated ink to the substrate. The ink usually binds chemically to the substrate. The process is schematically illustrated in Fig. 6.8 for the case of Au nanocrystals. Different DPN-based methods have been used to generate... 

Konno H, Taylor LS (2006) Influence of different polymers on the crystallization tendency of molecularly dispersed amorphous felodipine. J Pharm Sci 95 2692-2705 Konno H, Handa T, Alonzo DE, Taylor LS (2008) Effect of polymer type on the dissolution profile of amorphous solid dispersions containing felodipine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 70 493 99 Lauer ME, Grassmann O, Siam M, Tardio J, Jacob L, Page S et al (2011) Atomic force microscopy-based screening of drug-excipient miscibility and stability of solid dispersions. Pharm Res 28 572-584... 

Lauer ME, Grassmann O, Siam M, Tardio J, Jacob L, Page S, Kindt JH, Engel A, Alsenz J (2011) Atomic force microscopy-based screening of drug-excipient miscibility and stability of solid dispersions. Pharm Res 28 572-584... 

Yahlon DG, Grabowski J, Chakraborty 1. Measuring the loss tangent of polymer materials with atomic force microscopy based methods. Meas Sci Technol 2014 25 055402 (7pp). 

Experimental techniques based on the application of mechanical forces to single molecules in small assemblies have been applied to study the binding properties of biomolecules and their response to external mechanical manipulations. Among such techniques are atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical tweezers, biomembrane force probe, and surface force apparatus experiments (Binning et al., 1986 Block and Svoboda, 1994 Evans et ah, 1995 Israelachvili, 1992). These techniques have inspired us and others (see also the chapters by Eichinger et al. and by Hermans et al. in this volume) to adopt a similar approach for the study of biomolecules by means of computer simulations. 

Although experimental studies of DNA and RNA structure have revealed the significant structural diversity of oligonucleotides, there are limitations to these approaches. X-ray crystallographic structures are limited to relatively small DNA duplexes, and the crystal lattice can impact the three-dimensional conformation [4]. NMR-based structural studies allow for the determination of structures in solution however, the limited amount of nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) data between nonadjacent stacked basepairs makes the determination of the overall structure of DNA difficult [5]. In addition, nanotechnology-based experiments, such as the use of optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy [6], have revealed that the forces required to distort DNA are relatively small, consistent with the structural heterogeneity observed in both DNA and RNA. 

The FFM based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) is the most available tool to study the feature of microscale friction and wear of material surface with high resolution [6]. So the... 

Puskas, J.E., Antony, P., Kwon, Y., Kovar, M., and Norton, P.R. Study of the surface morphology of polyisobutylene-based block copolymers by atomic force microscopy, J. Macromol. Sci., Macromol. Symp., 183, 191-197, 2002. 

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or, as it is also called, scanning force microscopy (SFM) is based on the minute but detectable forces - of the order of nano Newtons -between a sharp tip and atoms on the surface. The tip is mounted on a flexible arm, called a cantilever, and is positioned at a subnanometre distance from the surface. If the sample is scanned under the tip in the x-y plane, it feels the attractive or repulsive force from the surface atoms and hence it is deflected in the z-direction. The deflection can be measured with a laser and photo detectors as indicated schematically in Fig. 4.29. Atomic force microscopy can be applied in two ways. 

Uricanu, V. I., Duits, M. H. G., and Mellema, J. (2004). Hierarchical networks of casein proteins An elasticity study based on atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 20,5079-5090. 

Direct observation of edge dislocation in lignoceric acid monolayer based on atomic force microscopy. 

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