Atomic force microscopy analysis

Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of MgO and Mgln204 Films.233... 

Nagao, E. and Dvorak, J. A. 1999. Phase imaging by atomic force microscopy Analysis of hving homoiothermic vertebrate cells, Biophys J 76, 3289-3297. 

Ko, T. R, Kuznetsov, Y. G., MaUdn, A. J., Day, J., and McPherson, A. 2001. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy analysis of twinned crystals Rhombohedral canavalin, Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 57, 829-839. 

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF MODIFIED MEMBRANES... 

The very new techniques of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have yet to establish themselves in the field of corrosion science. These techniques are capable of revealing surface structure to atomic resolution, and are totally undamaging to the surface. They can be used in principle in any environment in situ, even under polarization within an electrolyte. Their application to date has been chiefly to clean metal surfaces and surfaces carrying single monolayers of adsorbed material, rendering examination of the adsorption of inhibitors possible. They will indubitably find use in passive film analysis. 

Magonov, S. and Chemoff, D.A., Atomic force microscopy, in Comprehensive Desk Reference of Polymer Characterization and Analysis, Brady, R.F., Jr. (Ed.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2003, Chapter 19. 

Pandey et al. have used ultrasonic velocity measurement to study compatibility of EPDM and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends at various blend ratios and in the presence of compa-tibilizers, namely chloro-sulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and chlorinated polyethylene (CM) [22]. They used an ultrasonic interferometer to measure sound velocity in solutions of the mbbers and then-blends. A plot of ultrasonic velocity versus composition of the blends is given in Eigure 11.1. Whereas the solution of the neat blends exhibits a wavy curve (with rise and fall), the curves for blends with compatibihzers (CSM and CM) are hnear. They resemble the curves for free energy change versus composition, where sinusoidal curves in the middle represent immiscibility and upper and lower curves stand for miscibihty. Similar curves are obtained for solutions containing 2 and 5 wt% of the blends. These results were confirmed by measurements with atomic force microscopy (AEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis as shown in Eigures 11.2 and 11.3. Substantial earher work on binary and ternary blends, particularly using EPDM and nitrile mbber, has been reported. 

Magonov, S., Atomic Force Microscopy in Analysis of Polymers, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, Meyers, R.A., Ed., Wiley, New York, 2000. 

Yerina, N. and Magonov, S., Atomic force microscopy in analysis of rubber materials. Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 846, 2003. 

Dang, J. M. C., Braet, F., and Copeland, L. (2006). Nanostructural analysis of starch components by atomic force microscopy. /. Microsc. 224,181-186. 

The thickness of the ordered crystalline regions, termed crystallite or lamellar thickness (Lc), is an important parameter for correlations with thermodynamic and physical properties. Lc and the distribution of lamellar thicknesses can be determined by different experimental methods, including thin-section TEM mentioned earlier, atomic force microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and analysis of the LAM in Raman spectroscopy. 

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