Spectroscopy atomic beam

The rest of the apparatus is the same as when operated at the Proton Synchrotron. First tested on cesium [ HUB 78 ], [ THI 81 ] the apparatus was used to uncover the resonance lines of francium for which no optical transition had ever been observed. The CERN on line mass separator, Isolde, makes available a source of more than 10 atoms/sec of chemically and isotopically pure 213 Fr isotope. Such an amount is more than needed for a laser atomic beam spectroscopy. The first step is obviously to locate the resonance line at low resolution, using a broad band laser excitation. In a second step, once the line is located, a high resolution study is undertaken, [ LIB 80] and [ BEN 84]. The observed signal is displayed (fig 3a) at low resolution and(3 b)at high resolution. 

Astatine-197, decay scheme, 260f Atomic-beam spectroscopy, schematic view, 360f Atomic-beam technique, 358-363... 

A third method uses data for a neutral molecular complex. Under the assumption that ferrocene and cobalticinium perchlorate have similar chemical bonding, the pure nuclear quadrupole resonance data for the latter together with the independent determination of Qg for Co from atom-beam spectroscopy data have been used to estimate 0e( Fe). The method has the advantage that the lattice sums are less than 1% of the total electric field gradient. 

There are a variety of techniques for the determination of the various parameters of the spin-Hamiltonian. Often applied are Electron Paramagnetic or Spin Resonance (EPR, ESR), Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR), Electron Electron Double Resonance (ELDOR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), occassionally utilizing effects of Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP), Optical Detection of Magnetic Resonance (ODMR), Atomic Beam Spectroscopy and Optical Spectroscopy. The extraction of the magnetic parameters from the spectra obtained by application of these and related techniques follows procedures which may in detail depend on the technique, the state of the sample (gaseous, liquid, unordered solid, ordered solid) and on spectral resolution. For particulars, the reader is referred to the general references (D). 

P. Jacquinot, Atomic beam spectroscopy, in High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by K. Shimoda. Topics Appl. Phys., vol. 13 (Springer, Berlin, 1976), p. 51 G. Nowicki, K. Bekk, J. Goring, A. Hansen, H. Rebel, G. Schatz, Nuclear charge radii and nuclear moments of neutrons deficient Ba-isotopes from high resolution laser spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. C 18, 2369 (1978)... 

R. Jacquiiiot Atomic beam spectroscopy . In High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by K. Shimoda, Topics Appl. Rhys., Vol. 13 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1976) p. 51... 

Another technique widely used is atomic beam spectroscopy. In a gas jet ejected from a small orifice, the transverse motion of atoms is much reduced. The line width of the transition induced by a laser beam perpendicularly crossing the atomic beam can be narrow enough to resolve the Zeeman and Stark splitting. 

K.Shimoda Introduction. - KShimoda Line Broadening and Narrowing Effects. - PJacquinot Atomic Beam Spectroscopy. - K 5. Letokhov Saturation Spectroscopy. -J.L Hall, J. A Magyar High Resolution Saturated Absorption Studies of Methane and Some Methyl-Halides. -V. D. 0 6 /)ort v. Three-Level Laser Spectroscopy. -S. Haroche C antum Beats and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. N. Bloembergen,... 

Beam Spectroscopy. Both specificity and sensitivity can be gready enhanced by suppressing coUisional and Doppler broadening. This is accompHshed in supersonic atomic and molecular beams (296) by probing the beam transversely to its direction of dow in a near-coUisionless regime. 

COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER SPECTROSCOPY WITH LASER-EXCITED ATOMS IN CROSSED ATOM BEAMS A NEW METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING THE QUENCHING OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED ATOMS BY MOLECULES... 

Collisional Energy-transfer Spectroscopy with Laser-excited Atoms in Crossed Atom Beams A New Method for Investigating the Quenching of Electronically Excited Atoms by Molecules... 

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is likewise a relatively new technique but one which has developed rapidly and for which a considerable choice of commercial equipment is available (12, 13). In this technique, the samples are vaporized in a flame, and the absorption of monochromatic light beamed through the flame from an external source is used to measure concentration. The sensitivity for many elements is excellent, and good quantitative results can be obtained. For a number of elements... 

Hyperfine structure measurements using on-line atomic-beam techniques are of great importance in the systematic study of spins and moments of nuclei far from beta-stability. We will discuss the atomic-beam magnetic resonance (ABMR) method, and laser spectroscopy methods based on crossed-beam geometry with a collimated thermal atomic-beam and collinear geometry with a fast atomic-beam. Selected results from the extensive measurements at the ISOLDE facility at CERN will be presented. 

As mentioned above, the radon and radium sequences have been investigated by collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy, whereas in francium all three atomic-beam methods, ABMR, atomic-beam laser spectroscopy and collinear laser spectroscopy, have contributed. 

Prior to about 1955 much of the nuclear information was obtained from application of atomic physics. The nuclear spin, nuclear magnetic and electric moments and changes in mean-squared charge radii are derived from measurement of the atomic hyperfine structure (hfs) and Isotope Shift (IS) and are obtained in a nuclear model independent way. With the development of the tunable dye laser and its use with the online isotope separator this field has been rejuvenated. The scheme of collinear laser/fast-beam spectroscopy [KAU76] promised to be useful for a wide variety of elements, thus UNISOR began in 1980 to develop this type of facility. The present paper describes some of the first results from the UNISOR laser facility. 

RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY IN THERMAL ATOMIC BEAMS ... 

---