Sulfur compounds, atmosphere

Rodhe, H. (1978). Budgets and turnover times of atmospheric sulfur compounds. Atmos. Environ. 12,671-680. 

There are two dominant stable isotopes of sulfur foimd in atmospheric sulfur compounds. 

There is a large variety of atmospheric sulfur compounds, in the gas, solid, and liquid phases. Table 7-3 lists a number of gaseous compounds, range of concentration, source, and sink (where known). As this list illustrates, a significant number of these gases contribute to the existence of oxidized sulfur in the forms of SO2 and sulfate aerosol particles. Table 7-4 lists the oxy-acids of sulfur and their ionized forms that could exist in the atmosphere. Of these the sulfates certainly are dominant, with H2SO4 and its products of neutralization with NH3 as the most frequently reported forms. 

Andreae, M. O. (1986). The ocean as a source of atmospheric sulfur compounds. In "The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling" (P. Buat-Menard, ed.). Reidel, Dordrecht. 

Dlugokencky, E. J., and C. J. Howard, Laboratory Studies of NO, Radical Reactions with Some Atmospheric Sulfur Compounds, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 1188-1193 (1988). 

Sulfonium compounds occur in a wide range of unicellular algae as well as red algae. They have been shown to be the major source of atmospheric sulfur compounds such as dimethyl sulfide and from methanethiol from the ocean, which has a central role ir he global sulfur cycle [143]. 

Of the atmospheric sulfur compounds, only sulfate particles are involved. Atmospheric moisture is a complicating factor since it has its own effects on visibility and also causes the sulfate particles to grow hygroscopically, which in turn changes their optical properties. 

Wine, P.H., Kreutter, N.M., Gump, C.A., Ravishankara, A.R. (1981) Kinetics of OH reactions with the atmospheric sulfur compounds H2S, CH3SH, CH3SCH3, and CH3SSCH3. J. Phys. Chem. 85, 2660-2665. 

Spectroscopic Identification of Products Formed in the Gas-Phase Reaction of OH with Atmospheric Sulfur Compounds... 

How do man s activities compare with nature s in determining the overall budget of atmospheric sulfur compounds ... 

There is a large variety of atmospheric sulfur compounds, in the gas, solid, and liquid phases. Table... 

There are two dominant stable isotopes of sulfur found in atmospheric sulfur compounds, and S. While it is attractive to utilize the ratio of these two for studies of atmospheric processes, source influences or sink mechanisms, no clear-cut results have yet been demonstrated. The general features of the S isotope distributions wiU be summarized in Chapter 13. 

An interesting exception to the patchiness of atmospheric sulfur compounds is carbonyl sulfide (OCS). This compound, which may be emitted directly or produced by the oxidation of CS2, is highly stable against further oxidation (until it reaches the stratosphere) and so is unavailable for... 

Table 2.1 lists atmospheric sulfur compounds. The principal sulfur compounds in the atmosphere are H2S, CH3SCH3, CS2, OCS, and SO2. Sulfur occurs in five oxidation states in the atmosphere. (See Box) Chemical reactivity of atmospheric sulfur compounds is inversely related to their sulfur oxidation state. Reduced sulfur compounds, those with oxidation state -2 or —1, are rapidly oxidized by the hydroxyl radical and, to a lesser extent, by other species, with resulting atmospheric lifetimes of a few days. The water solubility of sulfur species increases with oxidation state reduced sulfur species occur preferentially in the gas phase, whereas the (+6) compounds often tend to be found in particles or droplets. Once converted to compounds in the S(+6) state, sulfur species residence times are determined by removal by wet and dry deposition. 

Still another important gas-phase chemiluminescence method is used for the determination of atmospheric sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and mercaptans. Here, the sample is combusted in a hydrogen flame to give a sulfur dimer, which then decomposes with the emission of light. For example, with sulfur dioxide the reactions are... 

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