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Atmosphere regions

The actual pressure exerted by the atmosphere varies with altitude and weather. The pressure of the atmosphere at the cruising height of a commercial jetliner (10 km) is only about 200 Torr (about 0.3 atm), and so airplane cabins must be pressurized. A very low pressure atmospheric region, such as an area of low pressure on the weather chart in Fig. 4.6, typically has a pressure of about 0.98 atm at sea level. A typical region of high pressure is about 1.03 atm. [Pg.266]

Further analysis of the problem requires the introduction of the residence time distribution g(x). As a first approximation, the atmospheric region of interest can be assumed to behave like a... [Pg.12]

In order that the discussion of the individual reaction processes, which combined to describe the overall chemistry of the atmospheric regions, can be facilitated and readily placed into context, a brief description of the atmospheric plasma medi-... [Pg.2]

Fig. 2. A typical altitudinal variation of the neutral gas temperature6 (solid curve) and the plasma electron temperature16) (dashed curve) in the Earth s atmosphere. Note that the temperature scale (absism) is logarithmic. The atmospheric regions are as indicated and M, S and T indicate the mesopause, stratopause and tropopause, respectively... Fig. 2. A typical altitudinal variation of the neutral gas temperature6 (solid curve) and the plasma electron temperature16) (dashed curve) in the Earth s atmosphere. Note that the temperature scale (absism) is logarithmic. The atmospheric regions are as indicated and M, S and T indicate the mesopause, stratopause and tropopause, respectively...
In summary, large variations in the pressure, composition and temperature exist in the atmosphere, the greatest variations occurring in the lower atmospheric regions which, as will be seen, are reflected by the much more complex chemistry occurring in these regions, a chemistry which is thought to be dominated by the minor neutral constituents, doubtlessly some of which have yet to be identified. [Pg.6]

In the arrangement of the most widely used sheath liquid interface illustrated in Fig. 8.6, the column is introduced into the atmospheric region of the ESI source through a coaxial, narrow metal tube, which delivers the sheath liquid to the column... [Pg.296]

If the electrode in the vacuum is isolated from the ESI counter electrode, then the voltages in the atmospheric region can be reversed essentially and the CEC column exit can be set to ground potential with the ESI counter electrode at a sufficient negative potential for the generation of positive ions. This can be achieved by replac-... [Pg.298]

There are several mechanisms whereby organic compounds released into the atmosphere may be removed (i) physical removal by precipitation ( rain-out ) (ii) chemical reaction in the troposphere (in) transport into the stratosphere (iv) chemical reaction in the stratosphere. The physical and dynamic conditions of the different atmospheric regions will usually dictate the type of mechanism that occurs2,3. [Pg.1561]

Because of the rotation of the Earth and because of the warm equatorial and cool polar regions, the atmosphere divides itself into six regions (roughly corresponding to the climatic zones). These atmospheric regions are called the northern and southern Polar, Ferrel, and Hadley cells (so called because they are roll cells ) see Figure 3.2. This division of the atmosphere tends to slow the mixing... [Pg.68]

On the other hand, the effect of the wet removal can be practically neglected here.3 It is thus understandable that the residence time of trace constituents is greater in the stratosphere than in the troposphere. Above the tropopause the horizontal wind speed first decreases then increases with height. Consequently, a secondary maximum in the wind speed can be observed in this atmospheric layer. The increase of the temperature ends approximately at an altitude of SO km (stratopause), where the temperature is around 0 °C (see Fig. 1). Above this level, in the mesosphere, the temperature again decreases (third layer in the homosphere). For this reason the stratopause can be considered as an active heat-supplying surface similar to the Earth s surface. In this atmospheric region the distribution of the temperature makes possible the convection which, in favourable cases, results in a formation of so-called noctilucent clouds at an altitude of about 80 km (mesopause) where the temperature is only around — 80 °C. This is the coldest level of our atmosphere. [Pg.16]


See other pages where Atmosphere regions is mentioned: [Pg.240]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.333]    [Pg.371]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.594]    [Pg.494]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.494]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.778]    [Pg.200]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2 ]




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Atmosphere lower regions

Atmosphere window region

Atmospheric haze regional

Coastal region/seas atmospheric deposition

Electrospray atmospheric pressure region

Lower atmospheric regions

Northern polar atmospheric region

Regional Atmospheric Modeling System

Regional atmosphere

Regional atmosphere

Regional atmosphere alcohols

Regional atmosphere aldehydes

Regional atmosphere alkanes

Regional atmosphere alkenes

Regional atmosphere aromatic compounds

Regional atmosphere chemical mechanisms

Regional atmosphere ethers

Regional atmosphere hydrocarbons

Regional atmosphere ketones

Regional atmosphere organic compounds

Regional atmospheric chemistry

Regions of the Atmosphere

Southern polar atmospheric region

The Lower Atmospheric Regions and Their Composition

Urban and Regional Atmosphere

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