Atherinops affinis

Larval and early juvenile stages of eight species of freshwater fishes are more sensitive to copper than embryos (McKim et al. 1978) or adults (Hodson et al. 1979). But larvae of topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) are increasingly sensitive to copper with increasing age. Topsmelt sensitivity is associated with increasing respiratory surface area and increasing cutaneous and branchial uptake of copper (McNulty et al. 1994). 

Anderson, B.S., D.P. Middaugh, J.W. Hunt, and S.L. Turpen. 1991. Copper toxicity to sperm, embryos and larvae of topsmelt Atherinops affinis with notes on induced spawning. Mar. Environ. Res. 31 17-35. Ankley, G.T., E.N. Leonard, and V.R. Mattson. 1994. Prediction of bioaccumulation of metals from contaminated sediments by the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. Water Res. 28 1071-1076. 

Goodman, L.R., M.J. Hemmer, D.P. Middaugh, and J.C. Moore. 1992. Effects of fenvalerate on the early life stages of topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11 409-414. 

McNulty, H.R., B.S. Anderson, J.W. Hunt, S.L. Turpen, and M.M. Singer. 1994. Age-specific toxicity of copper to larval topsmeXt Atherinops affinis. Environ. Toxicol Chem. 13 487-492. 

Shenker, J.M. and G.N. Cherr. 1990. Toxicity of zinc and bleached kraft mill effluent to larval English sole (Parophrys vetulus) and topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 680-685. 

Singer and coworkers also found that the dispersed fraction was more toxic than the oil or dispersant alone [74-76]. This group tested the toxicity of Prudhoe Bay oil and Corexit 9527 to red abalone (Halliotis rufescens), a kelp forest mysid Holesimysis costata) and the topsmelt Atherinops affinis). The dispersed oil showed much higher toxicological responses in fact, no responses were noted with the WAF (water-accommodated fraction) itself. The toxicity of the dispersant and dis-... 

---