Aspect ratio , defined

Ap is the difference in material density between the liquid and gas phases. This situation is typically handled by describing the bubbles with a single internal coordinate (i.e. the equivalent-sphere diameter) and by introducing an aspect ratio, defined as the ratio between the minor and the major axes of the bubble. This aspect ratio E can be calculated by using the empirical equation proposed by Moore (1965) as a function of the Morton number E = 1/(1 + 0.043RCp Mo ). An alternative to this is the use of the correlation proposed by Wellek et al. (1966) for liquid-liquid droplets E = 1/(1 + 0.1613Eo° ), which is valid for Eo < 40 and Mo < 10 , whereas for Eo > 40 and RCp > 1.2 fluid particles are typically of spherical shape. Once the characteristic E value is known, the ratio of the real area of the bubble Ap and the area Aeq of a sphere with an equivalent volume can be calculated as follows ... 

Results from the development of these parallel plate surface-directed microfluidic have resulted in optimal device geometry recommendations. The optimal aspect ratio, defined as width per height of the device, has been determined through free energy considerations [3]. To ensure spontaneous capillary flow, the aspect ratio must follow Eq. 11 which indicates that the height of the device b must always be less than the width of the device a, and the capacity to promote fluid flow is subject to the... 

It is important to note that the gain of a CEM is a function of both channel length and diameter, but not independently. Rather the gain is found to be a function of the aspect ratio, defined in this case as the ratio of the length... 

Extinction spectra of single silver nanodisks have been reported [49]. The spectra shows an extinction band in the visible to near-infrared region that shifts toward the longer wavelength with the increment of the aspect ratio defined as (diameter)/(thickness), similar to the gold nanorods. The spectral bandwidth is broader than the gold nanorods. Since the sample is a single nanoparticle, the broad... 

Mechanical properties are critical for many composite applications. The properties of the composites depend on the combination of the properties of the matrix and the reinforcing agent or fiber. The properties of polymer composites reinforced with short fibers depend on such factors as the fiber/ matrix interaction, the orientation and volume fraction of the fiber, the fiber aspect ratio (defined as Lid where L and d correspond to the fiber length and diameter, respectively) (Chawla, 1998) and processing conditions (Thomas and Pothan, 2008). Different tests can be used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile, flexural or impact resistance tests (Izod or Charpy tests). 

Q = volumetric fluid flow rate 0 = an equivalent sphericity or aspect ratio defined... 

The relationship between the intercalated nanostructure and the effective nanocomposite stiffness is constructed using an equivalent stiffness method in which the clay stacks are replaced by homogeneous nanoparticles with predetermined equivalent anisotropic stiffness, see Ref [7]. The equivalent particle aspect ratio, defined as the ratio between its thickness and its length tjL, can be expressed as ... 

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