Aspdin

Portland cement is classified as a hydrauHc cement, ie, it sets or cures in the presence of water. The term Portland comes from its inventor, Joseph Aspdin, who in 1824 obtained a patent for the combination of materials referred to today as Portland cement. He named it after a grayish colored, natural limestone quarried on the Isle of Portland, which his cured mixture resembled. Other types of hydrauHc cements based on calcium materials were known for many centuries before this, going back to Roman times. Portland cement is not an exact composition but rather a range of compositions, which obtain the desired final properties. The compounds that make up Portland cements are calcium siHcates, calcium aluminates, and calcium aluminoferrites (see ). 

Aspdin of England made cement using limestone and clay for the first time in 1824. He mixed limestone and clay, burned the mixture in a furnace and ground... 

The last major development in cement technology occurred in the early 19th century in England. Bricklayer Joseph Aspdin first made a variety of cement known as Portland cement - not in a laboratory, but on his kitchen stove His patent in... 

Patent issued to Joseph Aspdin for the invention of cement... 

In 1796, James Parker, of London, patented a process for calcining argillaceous limestones (or cementstone) to produce a type of cement, which was also called Roman Cement. This development was followed in 1824 by Joseph Aspdin, of Leeds, who lightly calcined a finely divided mixture of limestone and clay and ground the product to make hydraulic cement. The product was called Portland cement. 

Portland cement, invented in 1892 by Joseph Aspdin of Leeds, was so called because it resembled expensive Portland stone (at least to the eye of the inventor). It is made from about 80 % limestone and about 20 % clay. It was widely adopted because it possessed superior qualities to the older quicklime-based material, including the especially important property of being able to harden in damp conditions. This latter property was especially valuable at a time when tunnel constmction was widespread, including amongst other projects, the London underground system. 

Aspdin, Joseph was an English mason and invented Portland cement in 1824. It was so named because of its resemblance to white limestone from the island of Portland, England. The first Portland cement made in the United States was produced at Coploy, Pennsylvania in 1872. 

Joseph Aspdin is recognised as one of the inventor of Portland cement, which in 1824 patented the method of binder production from the burned mixture of limestone and clay, for the first time using the name Portland cement, because its colour resembled the stone from Portland. However, he burned the limestone at too low temperature, and the quality of product was bad. 

Some authors claim that the higher burning temperature introduction we owe to Aspdin. Johnson applied this method in the factory in Gateshead, which he had taken after Aspdin leaved it in 1851 [4]. Johnson obtained a patent for improvement of Portland cement production in the year 1872. The Johnson achievement was recognised also by Michaelis, it is, however, the open matter to whom of two precursors of Portland cement producing—Aspdin or Johnson—this invention should be attributed [1,4]. 

Although it is not clear whether LeChatelier examined cement made by Joseph Aspdin, who patented Portland cement in England in 1824, a few comments on the nature of the Aspdin cement appear relevant to the history of clinker microscopy. 

A polished thin section of the hardened Aspdin paste (Photographs 1-1 through 1-4) was examined by the writer and found to contain approximately 10 percent unhydrated portland cement clinker (UPC)... 

Photograph 1-3 Unusually large belite in UPC in Aspdin paste. Note prominent lamellar extensions into ferrite matrix. Probably an effect of CaO resorption during slow cooling. (S A6608)... 

Photograph 1-4 UPC in Aspdin paste. Water etch reveals dark-blue, coarsely crystalline aluminate, presumably C3A. (S A6609)... 

Scrivener (1988) studied the Aspdin paste with backscattered electron imaging (BSE), showing clearly the development of hydration products pseudomor-phic after the original clinker crystals and drawing attention to the occurrence of layers of hydration product ( inner product ). 

Latin word cemenfam means crushed stone. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, a British builder, patented a cement produced by firing a mixture of limestone and clay (Bogue 1949)- He called his product Portland cement because it was similar in appearance to a building stone quarried on the island of Portland of the south coast of England. In 1845, the first Portland cement, in the modern sense of the term, was produced by firing such a mixture to temperatures from 1200 °C to 1400 °C (Wexham Springs 1977). 

The development and growth of chemical knowledge, especially since the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, brought about tremendous growth in the variety and quality of composite materials that could be made. Portland cement was developed (or perhaps redeveloped) by Joseph Aspdin in 1824, and it has been the cornerstone of the structural composites industry ever since. All other types of concrete used in the twenty-first century are derived from the basic Portland cement variety. 

Cement is a lime-consuming product Portland cement was developed and patented in 1824 by its British inventor Joseph Aspdin (1799-1855). Aspdin heated a mixture of finely ground Hmestone and clay in his kitchen stove and ground the mixture into a powder that hardened after the addition of water [14.4]. The term portland cement was used because concrete made from cement resembled the stone on the Isle of Portland on the British coast. 

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