Artificial kidney devices functions

Extracorporeal devices are mechanical organs that are used for blood purification they include the artificial kidney (dialyser), the artificial liver, and the mechanical lung. The function and performance of these devices both benefit from fibre and textile technology. Extracorporeal devices must possess certain requirements, such as bacterial resistance, and they must be anti-allergenic and non-toxic, have good breathability, and possess the ability to withstand sterilisation. Table 5.3 illustrates the function of each device and the materials used in their manufacture. 

This chapter will review current activities and proposed research related to the development of artificial organs and organ-assist devices. While we will focus on the human liver, the discussion is applicable to other organs. The pancreas and the endocrine functions of the kidney follow the same basic path — the culturing of cells on a scaffold. The cells, of course, must function as they do in a natural uncompromised slate while the scaffold provides a permanent or temporary template on which the cells attach and proliferate. 

In general, a medical device is defined as follows a medical device is an implant and equipment to be used either to achieve disease diagnosis, medical treatment, or disease prevention for human and animals, or to influence the physical structure and function of human and animals. Medical devices for humans may also be classified based on whether and how long the device is in contact with tissue or cells and on the degree of disjunction induced by the device when in a disabling situation. The term covers various categories, such as scissors and tweezers, with small risk to human function, to central venous catheters, artificial dialysis (human kidney), and pacemakers, with high risk to human function. 

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