Artificial intelligence definition

Neural network models in artificial intelligence definitions are usually referred to as artificial neural networks (ANNs) these are essentially simple mathematical models defining a function or a distribution over or both and, but sometimes models are also intimately associated with a particular learning algorithm or learning rule. A common use of the phrase ANN model really means the definition of a class of such functions (where members of the class are obtained by varying parameters, connection weights, or specifics of the architecture such as the number of neurons or their connectivity). 

Baader F. A formal definition for expressive power of knowledge representation languages. In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI-90, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990, p. 53-58. 

Expert systems, and artificial intelligence in general, are new fields whose breadth of application, and indeed, whose exact definitions, are not yet completely settled. It is sometimes claimed that no two experts on artificial intelligence agree exactly on what its definition is. Definitions of expert systems at least agree on the necessity for expertise, but even here there are differences in emphasis and in priority. 

Pereira, F.C.N., D.H.D. Warren, Definite Clause Grammars for Language Analysis - a Survey of the Formalism and a Comparison with Augmented Transition Networks , Artificial Intelligence, 13, (1980), pp. 231-278. 

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the family of AI techniques so that readers can gain a basic understanding of the AI family and various AI techniques, and understand the subsequent chapters more easily. This chapter introduces the definition of artificial intelligence and presents a brief overview of artificial intelligent techniques. Some representative AI techniques are briefly introduced, all of which have been used for decision making in the fashion supply chain. We also discuss the origins of these techniques, fundamental characteristics, and possible applications as well as the procedures to implement them. 

About four decades ago, with the advance of computer science, researchers started to look at the former definition of enumeration and devised computer codes to explicitly list molecules. Again, while studying this challenging problem, important concepts in computer science were developed. Artificial intelligence textbooks" generally quote DENDRAL, a code to enumerate molecules, as the first expert system. 

One definition of Machine Learning (ML) is that area of Artificial Intelligence concerned with the development of computational models of learning. There are at least three main areas for application of ML [2]. The first one consists in the automation of the process of knowledge acquisition for expert systems the second one is used to test general (human) theories of... 

Establishment has been requisitely used in the Uteratuie of planning and problem solving within the field of Artificial Intelligence (Al). However, establishment definitions usually imp>ose an additional restriction on the precedence between two operators with iesp)ect to a plan. Nevertheless, this restriction is not necessary in this context since it is not intended to produce the shortest possible sequence of operators that transform the initial state to the goal state. 

In 1950, Alan Turing gave an operational definition of artificial intelligence. He said a machine exhibited artificial intelligence if its operational output was indistinguishable from that of a human. 

Artificial intelligence A class of problems such as pattern recognition, decision making, and learning in which humans are clearly very proficient compared with current computers. The definition is imprecise and time dependent some include computer algebra, computer vision, and game playing in this class. 

Rojas, R., ed. 2001. Encyclopedia of Computer and Computer History. (2 vols.) Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn. This encyclopedia aims to cover the complete subject of computers and their history from personal computing to main-frames to robotics and artificial intelligence as well the theoretical foundations of computer science. The 600+ entries cover facts, definitions, biographies, histories, and explanations of diverse topics. Contributors are scholars in computer science and computer history from around the world. This source will only serve as a starting point for more sophisticated users. 

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