Artifact generation

This plant yielded gentioflavine, gentianaine, and oliveramine whose structure, based on spectral study, was given as 100. It was not indicated whether or not these bases are artifacts generated during isolation (75). 

The fact that these metabolites are optically inactive suggests that they may be artifacts, generated at some stage during the extraction of the fungal mat. 

Figure 5.22 Artifacts generated by tip (a) the side of tip causes broadening of the image of the protruding object and (b) limits in the width the of tip limits cause distortion of the hole geometry in the image. (Reproduced with permission from P.C. Braga and D. Ricci (eds), Atomic Force Microscopy, Humana Press. 2004 Humana Press.)...

The leaves of this plant grown at Mareeba, North Queensland, yielded j3-dimethylaminoethyl cinnamate, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-cinna-mamide, iV-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl- ra s-p-hydroxycinnamamide, and 2-hydroxyethylcinnamamide. The structures were confirmed by syntheses. Though some of these may be artifacts, generated during the isolation, the same products were not found in leaves of the same plant grown at Darwin, N.T., or at Cooktown, North Queensland. The leaves of the latter two sources yielded the alkaloid esters of terpenoid acids as in other Erythrophleum species (93). 

The j3- and a-forms of this base are not present in Skyanthus acutus Meyen but are artifacts generated during the process of isolation (226). 

Transtelephonic monitoring commonly provides an emotional umbilical cord between the medical facility and the patient with many elderly patients being comforted by this contact. It is important to counsel the patient that, on occasion, there may be artifacts generated by the telephone lines that raise a concern about a pacing system problem. If these concerns cannot be cleared up by a repeat call, it may be necessary to have the patient come to the office for a detailed evaluation which provides far more information than is presently retrievable via the telephone. 

Here a brief description of how the tool chain presented in this paper wiU be integrated in the RTP/IOS is reported. According to the Fig. 1, the tool chain uses the RTP by loading/storing the artifacts generated during the process. Each brick interacts with the RTP/IOS via its Load/Store Manager. More specifically ... 

The a and forms of this alkaloid have been reported to be artifacts generated during the process of isolation (Appel and Streeter, 1970a, b). 

As described before, the main driver behind the development of this framework was reusability of the elements or artifacts generated during the development of safety-related products according to lEC 61508 (e.g. templates, lifecycles, reports, checklists, etc.). However as we went along we discovered other requirements that are equally important to achieve success ... 

L i,o) is the likelihood estimation function of the object, Q(o) is a smoothing function and y is a regularization parameter. The likeUhood function depends on the noise model Poisson or Gaussian. It measures how well the estimate fits the acquired data. The smoothing function, also called the penalty function, attenuates the artifacts generated by noise amplification, y is a balance between the need to fit the data and the need to stabilize the estimate. Setting O to 0 yields the maximum likelihood algorithm. 

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