Arsenic rabbits

Arsenic uptake in rabbit intestine is inhibited by phosphate, casein, and various metal-chelating agents (USEPA 1980). Mice and rabbits are significantly protected against sodium arsenite intoxication by (V-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (Stine et al. 1984). Conversely, the toxic effects of arsenite are potentiated by excess dithiols, cadmium, and lead, as evidenced by reduced food efficiency and disrupted blood chemistry in rodents (Pershagen and Vahter 1979). 

Marafante, E., M. Vahter, and J. Envall. 1985. The role of the methylation in the detoxication of arsenate in the rabbit. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 56 225-238. 

Donahue, R., Hendry, M.J., Landine, P. 2000. Distribution of arsenic and nickel in uranium mill tailings, Rabbit Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Applied Geochemistry, 15, 1097-1119. 

Parenteral toxicity of riot control agents In mice, rats, and rabbits. U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. EATM 100-22. 1971. 11 p. 

The poisonous action is influenced by the solubility of the compound in water. Lethal doses of sodium arsenate for goats and rabbits are found to be approximately 0-11 and 0-05 g. per kg. body weight,8 and the following doses which produced death of sheep not earlier than the second day have been observed,9 the figures in brackets being nontoxic doses sodium arsenite, 0-86 g. (043 g.) arsenic acid, 0-86 g. (0-43 g.) lead arsenate, 3-9 g. (2-6 g.) emerald green, 1-3 g. 

An examination of the effect of arsenate on the blood glucolysis of dogs and rabbits has shown10 that in the former case the glucolysis is... 

Pichler, T., Hendry, M.J. and Hall, G.E.M. (2001) The mineralogy of arsenic in uranium mine tailings at the Rabbit Lake in-pit facility, northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Environmental Geology, 40(4-5), 495-506. 

Minimal data are available from typical inhalation studies in laboratory animals to allow evaluation of extent or dose-dependency in inhaled arsenic absorption. Beck, Slayton and Farr (2002) reported a study in which rabbits were exposed to 0.05, 0.1, 0.22, or 1.1 mg m-3 of arsenic trioxide 8 hours/day, seven days/week for eight weeks. The particle size (mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD) ranged from 3.2 to 4.1pm. On the basis of minimal elevation of inorganic arsenic in plasma until exposure levels were at or above 0.22 mg m-3, the authors concluded that systemic uptake of arsenic trioxide following inhalation exposure was low and did not contribute significantly to body burden until relatively high levels of exposure were achieved. 

Studies in rabbits, rats, mice, hamsters, and monkeys demonstrate that arsenic, administered orally or parenterally, as either As(III) or As(V), is rapidly distributed throughout the body. Many of these studies have used radiolabeled arsenic and it is noteworthy that arsenic-derived radioactivity is generally present in all examined tissues (Marafante, Bertolero and Edel, 1982 Kenyon, Del Razo and Hughes, 2005a Kenyon, Del Razo and Hughes, 2005b Lindgren, Vahter and Dencker, 1982 Vahter et al., 1982 Vahter and Marafante, 1985). 

Delnomdedieu, M., Basti, M.M., Styblo, M. et al. (1994b) Complexation of arsenic species in rabbit erythrocytes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 7(5), 621-27. 

Freeman, G.B., Johnson, J.D., Killinger, J.M. et al. (1993) Bioavailability of arsenic in soil impacted by smelter activities following oral administration in rabbits. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 21(1), 83-88. 

Klaassen, C.D. (1974) Biliary excretion of arsenic in rats, rabbits, and dogs. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 29(3), 447-57. 

Zakharyan, R.A. and Aposhian, H.V. (1999) Enzymatic reduction of arsenic compounds in mammalian systems the rate-limiting enzyme of rabbit liver arsenic biotransformation is MMA(V) reductase. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 12(12), 1278-83. 

Zakharyan, R.A., Ayala-Fierro, F., Cullen, W.R. et al. (1999) Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. VII. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) is the substrate for MMA methyltransferase of rabbit liver and human hepatocytes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 158(1), 9-15. 

Zakharyan, R., Wu, Y., Bogdan, G.M. and Aposhian, H.V. (1995) Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds Assay, partial purification, and properties of arsenite methyltransferase and monomethylarsonic acid methyltransferase of rabbit liver. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 8(8), 1029-38. 

N-(2,3-Dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (41, DMPA) has been shown to form relatively stable complexes with cadmium, zinc and mercury312. DMPA has also been shown to enhance faecal and urinary excretion of mercury in mice and arsenic in mice and rabbits. For the decorporation of arsenic, taken in as arsine, the administration of 3-(tolylthio)propane-l, 2-dithiol (42) has been proposed in the USSR313. ... 

Snider, T.H., M.G. Wientjes, R.L. Joiner and G.L. Fisher. 1990. Arsenic distribution in rabbits after lewisite administration and treatment with British anti-lewisite (BAL). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 14 262—272. 

Lin, C.J., Wu, M.H., Hsueh, Y.M., Siu-Man, S.S., Cheng, A.L. Tissue distribution of arsenic species in rabbits after single and multiple parenteral administration of arsenic trioxide tissue accumulation and the reversibility after washout are tissue-selective. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 55, 170-178 (2005)... 

Hoover, T.D., Aposhian, H.V. (1983). BAL increases the arsenic-74 content of rabbit brain. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 70 160-2. 

Mann, S., Droz, P.O., Vahter, M. (1996). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for arsenic exposure. I. Development in hamsters and rabbits. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 137 8-22. 

Wu, M.H., Lin, C.J., Chen, C.L., Su, M.J., Sun, S.S.M., Cheng, A.L. (2003). Direct cardiac effects of AS2O3 in rabbits evidence of reversible chronic toxicity and tissue accumulation of arsenicals after parenteral administration. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 189 214—20. 

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