Arsenic monkeys

Dimethylarsinic acid is the major metabolite of orally administered arsenic trioxide, and is excreted rapidly in the urine (Yamauchi and Yamamura 1985). The methylation process is true detoxification, since methanearsonates and cacodylates are about 200 times less toxic than sodium arsenite (NAS 1977). The marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), unlike all other animal species studied to date, was not able (for unknown reasons) to metabolize administered As+5 to demethylarsinic acid most was reduced to As+3. Only 20% of the total dose was excreted in urine as unchanged As+5, and another 20% as As+3. The rest was bound to tissues, giving distribution patterns similar to arsenite (Vahter and Marafante 1985). Accordingly, the marmoset, like the rat, may be unsuitable for research with arsenicals. 

Charbonneau, S.M., K. Spencer, F. Bryce, and E. Sandi. 1978. Arsenic excretion by monkeys dosed with arsenic-containing fish or with inorganic arsenic. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20 470-477. 

Vahter, M. and E. Marafante. 1985. Reduction and binding of arsenate in marmoset monkeys. Arch. Toxicol. 57 119-124. 

Helland, D.R. A cllnlcopathologic study of the effects of riot control agents on monkeys. I.Dlphenylaminochloroarslne-chloro-acetophenone (DM-CN) grenade. U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. Technical Report EATR 4068. 1967. 

Studies in rabbits, rats, mice, hamsters, and monkeys demonstrate that arsenic, administered orally or parenterally, as either As(III) or As(V), is rapidly distributed throughout the body. Many of these studies have used radiolabeled arsenic and it is noteworthy that arsenic-derived radioactivity is generally present in all examined tissues (Marafante, Bertolero and Edel, 1982 Kenyon, Del Razo and Hughes, 2005a Kenyon, Del Razo and Hughes, 2005b Lindgren, Vahter and Dencker, 1982 Vahter et al., 1982 Vahter and Marafante, 1985). 

Freeman, G.B., Schoof, R.A., Ruby, M.V. et al. (1995) Bioavailability of arsenic in soil and house dust impacted by smelter activities following oral administration in cynomolgus monkeys. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 28(2), 215-22. 

Lindgren, A., Danielsson, B.R.G., Dencker, L. and Vahter, M. (1984) Embryotoxicity of arsenite and arsenate Distribution in pregnant mice and monkeys and effects on embryonic cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 54(4), 311-20. 

Lowney, Y.W., Wester, R.C., Schoof, R.A. et al. (2007) Dermal absorption of arsenic from soils as measured in the rhesus monkey. Toxicological Sciences, 100(2), 381-92. 

Vahter, M., Marafante, E., Lindgren, A. and Dencker, L. (1982) Tissue distribution and subcellular binding of arsenic in marmoset monkeys after injection of 74As-arsenite. Archives of Toxicology, 51(1), 65-77. 

The Anarchist Arsenal offers a fresh approach to the explosives book genre, taking up where the more common improvised explosives handbooks—which are essentially reprints of military manuals—leave off. The author, a former military explosives specialist and avowed powder monkey, has read all the others, he wrote this hook to fill in the gaps. 

Stookey, J., Streett, C., Ford D. (1965). Preliminary studies on the disappearance of botulinum toxin from the circulating blood of rhesus monkeys. US Army Edgewood Arsenal CRDL 2-38 Technical Memorandum. 

As with lead arsenate, the broad conclusions that Neal drew from his DDT inhalation tests could be supported only by a selective reading of his data. The experiments showed that DDT aerosols often killed mice, but did little harm to dogs or monkeys. Two human beings exposed to DDT in the same form showed no evidence of poisoning. Neal s report, issued in September 1943, declared that DDT could be used safely as aerosol, dust, or mist spraying was approved that same month.19... 

J. Barcroft, Report on Toxicity of Hydrocyanic in Animals, War Department, Experimental Station, Great Britain, 10 December 1917 as reported by G.C. Armstrong, A.R. Koontz and M.G. Witherspoon, MG, The toxicity of hydrocyanic acid gas on dogs, monkeys, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, EAMRD-20, War Department, CWS, Edgewood Arsenal, MD, 31 December 1923. 

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