Arrowroot

Arrowroot starch is obtained from the rhizomes of the tropical plant Maranta arundi-nacea L. and related species cultivated in the West and East Indies, Australia and elsewhere. Arrowroot starch has been a home remedy for gastrointestinal disorders, especially in Britain, since it is reputedly the most digestible starch. It is made into puddings by heating it in milk and is blended with eight parts of wheat flour in arrowroot biscuits. It is also used in jellies, cakes and various infant and invalid food mixtures. What is marketed as arrowroot starch from some locations may be tapioca starch. If arrowroot starch is required, its identity should be verified. 

Barley starch (see Chapter 16) has a viscosity profile similar to that of potato starch and also has a similar range of applications.159 Seib and Wu160 claimed excellent freeze-thaw stability in a hydroxypropylated waxy barley starch. 

---

Arrowmehl, n. arrowroot flour, (Pharm.) arrow-root, maranta. 

Manufaktur,/. manufacture manufactory. Mappe,/. portfolio case (for paper, etc.). Marantast ke, /. arrowroot. 

These data with arrowroot starch are similar to those reported by many previous investigators for the action of different concentrations of malted barley alpha amylase on other substrates.1-8 19-81 It is evident... 

Produels Formed from Arrowroot Starch by Purified Maltase-free Alpha Amylase from... 

Table X 4 summarizes similar data for the hydrolysis by maltase-free malt alpha amylase of beta dextrins obtained from arrowroot starch by the action of beta amylase. The beta dextrins were precipitated with alcohol from the reaction mixture of arrowroot starch after it had reached a limit in the hydrolysis at 60% theoretical maltose. The beta dextrins were hydrolyzed extensively by malt alpha amylase. Glucose was liberated in very small amounts even in the later stages of the hydrolysis of these beta dextrins maltose was liberated in appreciable amounts and, at equivalent hydrolyses, appeared to be formed somewhat more rapidly from the beta dextrins (Table X) than from the untreated starch (Table IX). Upon hydrolysis with malt alpha amylase the molecular weights of the beta dextrins dropped appreciably but not as extensively as when arrowroot starch was hydrolyzed directly by malt alpha amylase.

Products Formed by Malted Barley Alpha Amylase from Beta Dextrine Formed from Arrowroot Starch by Beta Amylase (Data of Myrbiicku)... 

Arrowroot starch, approximately 2% pH 5.3 maltase-free amylase prepared according to Ohlsson23 from malted barley extract and purified by precipitation with alcohol. 

Starch is obtained from a variety of plant sources. Corn, cassava, sweet potato, wheat, and potato are the major sources of food starch while sorghum, barley, rice, sago, arrowroot, etc. serve as minor sources of starch in different localized regions of the world (Gaillard, 1987 Ratnayake and Jackson, 2003). Raw starch granules do not disperse in cold water. This limits the use of raw native starches for food as well as industrial applications, and therefore starch is often cooked during product-manufacturing... 

Starch is one of the most abimdant plant polysaccharides and is a major source of carbohydrates and energy in the human diet (Zobel and Stephen, 1995). Starch is the most widely used hydrocolloid in the food industry (Wanous, 2004), and is also a widely used industrial substrate polymer. Total annual world production of starch is approximately 60 million MT and it is predicted to increase by additional approximately 10 million MT by 2010 (FAO, 2006b LMC International, 2002 S. K. Patil and Associates, 2007). Com/maize Zea mays L.), cassava (also known as tapioca—Manihot escu-lenta Crantn.), sweet potato Ipomoea batatas L.), wheat Triticum aestivum L.), and potato Solanum tuberosum L.) are the major sources of starch, while rice Oryza sativa L.), barley Hordeum vulgare L.), sago Cycas spp.), arrowroot Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kimtze), buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), etc. contribute in lesser amounts to total global production. 

Amylum lodisatum BPC Iodized starch It is administered internally in syphilis and other cachexias, and may be given in milk, water, gruel or arrowroot. Externally, it is used as a dry dressing, being a good substitute for iodoform. 

Case 2.—Fecula of the arrowroot of. commerce— Ma/rmta arundinacea—attains a length of 140 thou-... 

The family is well distributed in the American tropics. It is the source of arrowroot, a wax, and fibers used to weave baskets. There has been recent interest in Thaumatococcus as a source of a protein 3,000 times sweeter than sucrose. 

East Indian arrowroot starch (Curcuma angustifolia) (Plate IV, Fig. 31). The granules are isolated and characterised by one rounded and one pointed extremity, the appearance being that of a lance-head. Some granules, when viewed from the side, resemble a very elongated spindle. All contain an eccentric hilum and show fine striation. The mean length is 40-60 y and the mean breadth 30-35 yc. 

Starch paste is prepared by mixing 15 grams of arrowroot starch with 40 c.c. of cold water and pouring the paste into 400 c.c. of boiling water, the liquid being then kept in a boiling water-bath for half an hour with frequent stirring and subsequently allowed to cool and made up to 500 c.c. with water. 

---