Areas of future research

However, some areas of future research need to be highlighted (1) noble metal-based formulations which do not form N20, (2) novel catalyst formulations which decompose/reduce N20 below 300°C, (3) on-board routes to form oxygenated reductants, (4) NTP technologies, (5) maintain catalyst within peak operating temperature window and (6) techniques for storing NO, emissions during cool exhaust conditions followed by re-injection of the stored NO when the catalyst has achieved light-off conditions. There is already an active research on these topics, but a further intensification would be necessary. 

Some specific areas of future research should address the following issues ... 

On the basis of the results described here, extension of these syntheses to higher generations, as well as work aimed at more detailed studies with respect to the electrochemical properties and valuable applications of these silicon-based ferro-cenyl dendrimers, clearly represent interesting areas of future research. 

In addition, such redox-active organometallic dendrimers are interesting materials with which to modify electrode surfaces. Applications of these dendrimer modified electrodes in the fields of amperometric and potentiometric biosensors, molecular recognition, as well as in electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry, clearly represent interesting areas of future research. 

At present, direct evidence for the redox control of organellar gene expression, as predicted CORR, is stronger for chloroplasts than for mitochondria (Pfannschmidt et al. 1999). Redox effects on mitochondrial gene expression in vitro are largely confined, at present, to protein synthesis (Allen et al. 1995 Galvis et al. 1998). The search for a direct signalling pathway from the respiratory chain to mitochondrial DNA is likely to be an active area of future research (Allen et al. 2005 Lane 2005). 

Despite intensive research in the past decade, most of the studies done in the laboratory have not yet been investigated in the field. In fact, many researches show that organic C and contaminants in aquatic ecosystems are partly from terrestrial ecosystems through runoff and percolation. However, it is impossible to predict how much DOM and DOM-facilitated solutes are transferred to aquatic environments without better understanding of the behavior of DOM itself and interaction of DOM and metals in soils. The aim of this chapter, based on a series of trials that we conducted, is to give a brief summary on the behavior of DOM derived from organic wastes in soils and its effect on heavy metal mobility, and to propose areas of future research. 

Because the microstructure of polymers prepared cationically have only been controlled to a limited extent using various counteranions and nucleophiles, this may be one of the most challenging areas of future research. 

Fabrication of protein nanotubes has the potential to lead food science and engineering to new heights. However further studies need to be conducted to fulfill the promise in many potential food applications. Interactions of nanotubes with the materials to be encapsulated— their structures, characteristics and controlled release properties—should be studied using the model or actual food systems. Another important area of future research is the investigation of the self-assembly characteristics of other food proteins that can be used for similar purposes. 

The many remaining questions concerning the function of AHRs in jawless fish make this a fertile area of future research. It is too soon to know whether studies on AHR pathways in lamprey and hagfish will reveal features of ancestral (ligand-independent ) AHR functions, developmental changes in AHR signaling, or unique modifications of AHR function in these highly specialized fish. 

NMR signal along with the NIR spectra to investigate sugar solutions. By using outer product analysis (OPA), correlations between the NMR and NIR signals could be discerned, and provided insight into the hydration phenomena. This unique combination of spectral data should prove to be another fruitful area of future research. 

There are several potential areas of future research regarding the use of MOEAs in chemical engineering applications. Some of them are the following ... 

Using systems engineering to address socio-technical global challenges will be an increasingly important area of future research for the strong benefit of all humankind. 

It seems appropriate to conclude this short discussion of interstellar masers and star-formation with the question of the problems left open. It is clearly one of the most fascinating areas of astronomical research to study regions of star-formation and hopefully find additional tracers and criteria for the investigation of these regions. The question of the interaction between a newly born star and its parental molecular cloud is one of the most fascinating areas of future research. The study of this detailed problem has to be complemented by the conduct of unbiased surveys for star-forming regions in molecular clouds to enhance the statistical material with the aim to understand more about the possible evolutionary track of a proto-star on its way to the main sequence. 

Therefore the impact of competition on the practice of price discrimination is an important area of future research. 

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