Are given in this series

Friend, J. West of Scotland Iron and Steel Inst., 1910, 17,66 J. Iron and Steel Inst., 1909, it, 172 Friend, Hull, and Brown, Trans. Ghem. Soc., 1911, 99, 969 Chaudron, Compt. rend., 1914, 154, 237 Friend, The Corrosion of Iron and Steel (Longmans, 1911), chap. iii. Further details are given in this series, Vol. IX., Part II. 

This article consists of a review of certain specific effects that occur during the process of physical adsorption, in which the writer has been especially interested. While it is hoped that all work directly relevant to these aspects of adsorption has been covered in a comprehensive manner, this review does not aim to cover all the specific effects that are known to occur on adsorption. Some surprise may be occasioned by the title, as the statement is sometimes found (I) that physical adsorption is essentially nonspecific in nature, particularly when nonpolar gases are used as adsorbates. It will be shown, however, that this is an oversimplification of the process and that specificity is almost as prevalent, although not as obvious, in physical adsorption as in chemisorption. A general review of physical adsorption has been given in this series by de Boer 2), and other specialized topics have been discussed by Kemball (S), HiU (4), and Halsey (S) they may be consulted for the many aspects of the subject not considered in this article. 

The most useful applications of NMR spectroscopy include (a) identifying individual members of a homologous series, (b) distinguishing between structural isomers, (c) monitoring ring transformations and (c) the analysis of complex reaction mixtures. Examples of each of these applications are given in this section and numerous other illustrations are discussed in Chapters 9-12. 

The first l,3A 5, 5,2,4,6-trithiatriazepine (17) was described in <84CC55) and after that in following papers by Rees and co-workers. Schemes of the syntheses and some properties of this class of compounds are given in a series of reviews. Formation of the trithiatriazepine upon the interaction of tetrasulfur tetranitride with alkynes requires a more complex pathway for the reaction mechanisms. A concise route is shown in Scheme 29 with slight modification this route also leads to the trithiadiazepine <87JCS(P1)203>. 

The preparation of (m-Bu4N)2W60i9 reported hoe is a sunplifieation of the procedure given in this series by Fournier and Fuchs. Peroxotungstic salts are catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen pCTOxide. In addition, the quaternary phosphonium and ammonium salts arc of special interest due to their solubUity in nonchlorinated solvents, buturrfortunatcly these salts are difficult to isolate because their preparations involve the use of biphasic conditions. In contrast, the preparation of the cetylpyridinium cation requires only aqueous solutions. 

In Table 24.2, the varied and the constant parameters for the influence of the vessel pressure on the mean particle size are given. For this series of experiments, the concentration was set to 1.5 wt% and the used PVP had a mean molecular weight of 40 kg moP. ... 

This volume is intended to present a comprehensive description of the chemistry of thiazole and its monocyclic derivatives, based on the chemical literature up to December, 1976. It is not concerned with polycyclic thiazoles, such as benzo- or naphthothiazole, nor with hydrogenated derivatives, such as thiazolines or thiazolidines later volumes in this series are devoted to these derivatives. The chemistry of thiamine has also been excluded from the present volume because of the enormous amount of literature corresponding to the subject and is developed in another volume. On the other hand, a discussion of selenazole and its monocyclic derivatives has been included, and particular emphasis has been given to the cyanine dyes derived from thiazolium salts. 

Copper. The physical properties of pure copper are given in Table 11. The mechanical properties of pure copper are essentially the same as those for ClOl and CllO. The coppers represent a series of alloys ranging from the commercially pure copper, ClOl, to the dispersion hardened alloy C157. The difference within this series is the specification of small additions of phosphoms, arsenic, cadmium, tellurium, sulfur, zirconium, as well as oxygen. To be classified as one of the coppers, the alloy must contain at least 99.3% copper. 

The first three of these are solely X T.E-based approaches, involving a series of simple distillation operations and recycles. The final approach also relies on distillation (X T.E), but also exploits another physical phenomena, liqnid-hqnid phase formation (phase splitting), to assist in entrainer recovery. This approach is the most powerful and versatile. Examples of industrial uses of azeotropic distillation grouped by method are given in Table 13-18. 

An extensive series of hydrocarbons has been studied in cyclohexylamine, with the use of cesium cyclohexylamide as base. For many of the compounds studied, spectroscopic measurements were used to determine the relative extent of deprotonation of two hydrocarbons and thus establish relative acidity. For other hydrocarbons, the acidity was derived by kinetic measurements. It was shown that the rate of tritium exchange for a series of related hydrocarbons is linearly related to the equilibrium acidities of these hydrocarbons in the solvent system. This method was used to extend the scale to hydrocarbons such as toluene for which the exchange rate, but not equilibrium data, can be obtained. Representative values of some hydrocarbons withpAT values ranging from 16 to above 40 are given in Table 7.2. 

---