Constant parameter

TABLE 2-387 Values of the Constant Parameters ai-Oi5 in Eq (2-48) at Different Temperatures... 

TABLE 2-399 Values of Constant Parameters in Eq. (2-142) for Various Compound Classes... 

It may be observed that the value of permeability is a function of the flux density being attained to energize the magnetic circuit. It is therefore not a constant parameter and is measured at a particular flux density. 

The pipeline has constant parameters (/ , G, Z, Y ) and therefore also the same r values in the close proximity region. 

The kind of convective heat transfer—forced convection or natural (at floor, wall, or ceiling)—must be considered and taken into account by selecting appropriate values for the convective heat transfer coefficient see Eq. (11.14)). Thus, the heat transfer coefficient implicitly assumes the flow situation at the surface. Normally, coefficients for convective heat transfer are considered as a preset constant parameter (the coefficient may be defined as variable, however, depending on other parameters). Therefore, the selection of appropriate values is crucial. Values for heat transfer coefficients can be found in several references a comprehensive summary is given in Daskalaki. ... 

Example 11.12 Solve Equations (11.31) and (11.32) for the simple case of constant parameters and a pseudo-first-order reaction occurring in the liquid phase of a component supplied from the gas phase. The gas-phase film resistance is negligible. The inlet concentration of the reactive component is... 

It is important to note that the fitting according to eq. (1) requires zero intercept behavior i.e., F =. 00 for H (for which Oj = Or =. 00). While we recognize that the data for the unsubstituted (H) member of a set may be as subject to experimental error as any other member, such error is generally relatively small for a set of reliable data. Any constant error from this source will be distributed among all of the substituents in such a manner as to achieve best fit. Any loss in precision of fitting of the set which may result by such a procedure we believe is a small price to pay compared to the violence done by introduction in eq. (I) of a completely variable constant parameter. The latter procedure has been utilized by other authors both in treatments by the simple Hammett equation and by the dual substituent parameter equation. 

However, all rate data for this reaction are not explained simply by this rate expression. At pressures above 10 Torr the rate exhibits multiple steady states, long transients, and rate oscillations ]). Clearly other processes are Involved than those Implied by the simple one state, constant parameter LH model. 

The constant parameters for the program give a steady-state solution for the reactor, with the following conditions of... 

The random error arises from the measurement of y the true value of which is not known. The measurements are assumed to be free of systematic errors. The modeling equations contain adjustable parameters to account for the fact that the models are phenomenological. For example, kinetic rate expressions contain rate constants (parameters) the value of which is unknown and not possible to be obtained from fundamental principles. 

In general, the longer the sweep time the better the sensitivity since the filter time constant parameter can be set longer with consequent improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. In practice, however, sweep times are usually set in accordance with the expected lifetime of the radical species, the stability of the instrument, and the patience of the operator. Decay of the radical or drift of the spectrometer during a scan is clearly undesirable. The sweep time is most commonly set in the range 4-10 min. 

Some additional comments regarding Equation 4 are in order. The factor 143.88 converts the units to kcal/mol. There are two additional constants. The first is ks, which is the stretching force constant parameter in units of md A 1. The second constant is cs, which is the cubic term with a unitless value of 2.55. When a Morse potential is expanded in a power series, the factor 7/12 is obtained. 

When in some range qu(P/P0) becomes independent of P/P0 (i.e., a condition of measurement of the micropore volume) the differentiation of Equation 9.22 withdraws qfi(P/P()) from the consideration (the derivative of a constant parameter is zero). Thus, the result of the measurement (of course under the named assumption) does not depend on the absence or presence of micropoies at all. To the contrary, the BET method assumes that the entire adsorbed gas lays on a flat surface, including the portion adsorbed volumetrically (i.e., by different mechanism) in micropoies. 

No assumption on constant parameters has been made so far. If the amount of mineral precipitated is proportional to the amount of assimilated material, e.g., if latent heat is conserved, then r is constant. For the initial liquid state F = 1, C iq = C0 as in Section 9.3.1... 

We have seen that the quark mass dependence of ferromagnetism should be important, while we have treated it as an input parameter. When we consider the realization of chiral symmetry in QCD, the quark mass should be dynamically generated as a result of the vacuum superconductivity qq pairs are condensed in the vacuum. We consider here SU(2)l x SU(2)r symmetry. Then Lagrangian should be globally invariant under the operation of any group element with constant parameters, except the symmetry-breaking term... 

We expect that the trapping efficiency increases with decreasing crystal length lz for otherwise constant parameters, specifically constant pPy+, because the... 

The temperature - dependent interaction parameters were determined from 77°F to 680°F using the data of Culberson and McKetta (20) and of Sultanov et al. (18). This parameter increases with temperature and appears to converge to the value of the constant parameter used for the vapor phase as the critical temperature of water is approached. 

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