Arabidopsis biosynthetic genes

PELLETIER, M.K., MURRELL, J., SHIRLEY, B.W., Arabidopsis flavonol synthase and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase further evidence for distinct regulation of "early" and "late" flavonoid biosynthetic genes, Plant Physiol., 1997,113, 1437-1445. 

KUBASEK, W.L., SHIRLEY, B.W., MCKILLOP, A., GOODMAN, H.M., BRIGGS, W., AUSUBEL, F.M., Regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings, Plant Cell, 1992, 4,1229-1236. 

Capsaicinoids are synthesized by the condensation of vanillylamine with a short chain branched fatty acyl CoA. A schematic of this pathway is presented in Fig. 8.4. Evidence to support this pathway includes radiotracer studies, determination of enzyme activities, and the abundance of intermediates as a function of fruit development [51, 52, 57-63], Differential expression approaches have been used to isolate cDNA forms of biosynthetic genes [64-66], As this approach worked to corroborate several steps on the pathway, Mazourek et al. [67] used Arabidopsis sequences to design primers to clone the missing steps from a cDNA library. They have expanded the schema to include the biosynthesis of the key precursors phenylalanine and leucine, valine and isoleucine. Prior to this study it was not clear how the vanillin was produced, and thus the identification of candidate transcripts on the lignin pathway for the conversion of coumarate to feruloyl-CoA and the subsequent conversion to vanillin provide key tools to further test this proposed pathway. 

Kubasek, W.L. et al.. Regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Cell, 4, 1229, 1992. 

The identification and isolation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis has benefited from the fact that many of the flavonoids are colored compounds. Mutant phenotypes are therefore often easily identifiable based on variation in color. In Arabidopsis many of the genes involved in flavonoid bioysnthesis have been uncovered based on the change in seed coat (testa) color. Wild-type Arabidopsis seeds have a brown color, and mutations in flavonoid biosynthetic genes result in yellow or pale brown color because the underlying cotyledons are visible. These mutants are referred to as... 

Shin J, Park E, Choi G. 2007. PIF3 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in an HY5-dependent manner with both factors directly binding anthocyanin biosynthetic gene promoters in Arabidopsis. Plant J 49 981-994. 

Figure 3.3 Current models for the transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in maize (A), petunia (B), and Arabidopsis (C). The Petunia model is based on Spelt et. al.,30 and the regulation of trichome formation was adapted from Payne et. al.3>...

Transcription factors that upregulate strictosidine synthase (132), as well as a transcription factor that coordinately upregu-lates expression of several terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes, have been found (133). Several zinc finger proteins that act as transcriptional repressors to tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase also have been identified (134). Manipulation of these transcription factors may allow tight control of the regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid production. Interestingly, expression of a transcription factor from Arabidopsis thaliana in C. roseus cell cultures results in an increase in alkaloid production (135). 

Baud, S. Wuilleme, S. To, A. Rochat, C. Lepiniec, L. (2009). Role of WRINKLEDl in the transcriptional regulation of glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal, Vol.60, No.6, (December 2009), pp. 933-947, ISSN 0960-7412... 

Shimada Y, Goda H, Nakamura A, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Yoshida S (2003) Organ-specific expression of brassinosteroid-biosynthetic genes and distribution of endogenous brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 131 287 297... 

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