Aqueous nanosuspensions

The key to long-term physical stability of aqueous nanosuspensions is the selection of a suitable water-soluble surfactant or polymer as an external particle stabilizer to prevent particle growth. Several potential stabilizers are lecithin, phospholipids, poloxamers, and polysorbates. 

VI. Physical Long-Term Stability of Aqueous Nanosuspensions 397... 

Aqueous nanosuspensions can be further processed to different traditional dosage forms. Examples are as follows ... 

For the production of aqueous nanosuspension DissoCubes, various large-scale high-pressure homogenizers are available, e.g., Rannie 36 and Rannie I IK from APV Homogeniser GmbH. 

VI. PHYSICAL LONG-TERM STABILITY OF AQUEOUS NANOSUSPENSIONS... 

Moschwitzer, J., Achleitner, G., Pomper, H., and Muller, R. H. (2004) Development of an intravenously injectable chemically stable aqueous omeprazole formulation using nanosuspension technology, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 58 615-619. 

Nanosuspensions Drug nanocrystals dispersing in aqueous media commonly stabilized by surfactants Suitable for insoluble drugs to obtain good bioavailability and targeting 19... 

Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions are usually very finely dispersed solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicle for either oral and topical use or for parenteral and pulmonary administration. The key difference from conventional suspensions is that the particle size distribution of the solid particles in nanosuspensions is usually less than 1 pm, with an average particle size range between 200 and 600 nm. 

A clinical formulation of cyclosporin that was shown to be bioequivalent to Neoral used a liquid-filled capsule formulation that spontaneously forms a nanosuspension when mixed in an aqueous media (Bekerman et al., 2004). The liquid vehicle is composed of 200 mg of cyclosporin dissolved in a mixture of 800 pL of organic solvent [NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), PG and/or PEG], 140 mg of egg phosphatidylcholine, 540 pL of Tween 80,... 

For instance, Yadav and Ahuja prepared nanoparticles using gum cordia as the polymer and to evaluate them for ophthalmic delivery of fluconazole. A w/o/w emulsion containing fluconazole and gum cordia in aqueous phase, methylene chloride as the oily phase, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and polyvinyl alcohol as the primary and secondary emulsifiers, respectively, were cross-linked by the ionic gelation technique to produce a fluconazole-loaded nanoreservoir system. The formulation of nanoparticles was optimized using response surface methodology. Multiple response simultaneous optimizations using the desirability approach were used to find optimal experimental conditions. The optimal conditions were found to be concentrations of gum cordia (0.85%, w/v), di-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate (9.07%, w/v), and fluconazole (6.06%, w/v). On comparison of the optimized nanosuspension formulation with commercial formulation, it was found to provide comparable in vitro corneal permeability of... 

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