Aqueous composition

The inorganic nitrite used as a corrosion inhibitor in aqueous alkylene glycol or polyoxyalkylene glycol solutions can be replaced with polyoxyalkylene amines [1263,1264]. Such polyoxyalkylene amines impart corrosion inhibition to the liquid in contact with the metal and the metal in contact with the vapors of the aqueous composition. Aqueous compositions containing the glycol and the polyoxyalkylene amine also exhibit a low foaming tendency. 

N. Lecocumichel and C. Amalric. Concentrated aqueous compositions of alkylpolyglycosides, and applications thereof. Patent WO 9504592, 1995. 

T. P. Lockhart and G. Burrafato. Gellable buffered aqueous composition and its use in enhanced petroleum recovery. Patent EP 390281, 1990. 

Jahnke, R.U. "Thickened Aqueous Compositions for Well Treatment," US Patent 4,061,580(1977). 

Johnson, J. E. Belmont. J. A. (Cabot Corp.). Colored Pigment and Aqueous Compositions Containing The Same. 

In part also this is because better equilibrium data are now available through the use of equipment such as AKUFVE, which has brought the realization that it is not sufficient to view the isotherm as fixed. Quite small changes in aqueous composition or in phase ratio can change the isotherms and cause dramatic effects on the performance of a countercurrent cascade. Even relatively crude models for the isotherms, such as Eq. 8.3, can demonstrate these effects in cascades. 

The surface coverages for three organosllanes using different solution adsorption conditions. Including type of solvent system, solution pH, and total immersion time, are shown in Table I. The results indicate that the extent to which these materials are adsorbed onto the metal surface depends primarily upon the aqueous composition and pH of the inhibitor solution. Both factors influence the hydrolysis of silicon alkoxy groups to silanols, which are the moieties that actually bond to the metal surface. 

Johnson JE, Belmont JA. (1998) Colored pigment compositions and aqueous compositions containing same, US 5837045. 

In addition to the form of the rate expression, the magnitude of the rate constant must be ascertained. As indicated in the discussion, the composition of the aqueous media can exert a strong control on the rate constant. Modeling of kinetic rates, therefore, can be considerably complicated, as in closed ground-water recharge systems where the aqueous composition would be expected to continually vary along the flow path. 

The assumption that montmorillonite of reported composition is being produced and is the only authigenic phase is probably only an approximation. The composition may be in error or may vary areally within Rainier Mesa as a result of areal variations in water quality. Although no zeolites or other clay minerals were reported in the bulk of the Paintbrush Tuff, very small amounts may remain undetected by either x-ray diffraction analysis or thin-sectlon petrography and may affect the aqueous composition by precipitation or by ion exchange. 

Desorption of strongly-bound ions often takes longer to attain equilibrium than adsorption. Several factors may contribute to adsorption/desorption hysteresis including differences in the aqueous composition of the adsorbing and desorbing solution, diffusion, time, and the nature of the adsorption bond. 

Thickened aqueous composition for the cleaning of a ceramic surface and methods of preparation thereof and cleaning therewith... 

Kobayashi, N., Tsuchida, S., Sannan, T., Tanaka, K., Otsuki, T., Morita, R. 2005. Aqueous compositions and process for the surface modification of articles by use of the aqueous compositions. In. Dainichiseika Color Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., US Patent 6858312. 

Dams RJ, Terrazas MS (2008) Aqueous compositions of fluorinated surfactants and coating/ cleaning use on surfaces and reducing surface tension of liquids. World Appl 2,008,147,796. 3M Innovative Properties Company, USA... 

K. Takahashi and M. Shibutani, Aqueous composition for recording medium, and ink-jet recording medium using the same, US Patent 8314175, assigned to The Nippon Synthetic Chemical (Osaka, JP), November 20, 2012. 

Special systems for the solubflization of dyes in aqueous compositions have been described. These are based on deilvatized 2-pyxr-olidinone. Examples are shown in Table 3.1 and in Figure 3.1. 

Beall, G.W. (1985b). Method of removing organie eontaminants from aqueous compositions absorption with reaction product of clay and quaternary ammonium salt. U.S. Patent 4,549,590. 

T. Sakurai, H. Murata, T. Mizutani, Y. Kimura, M. Miyamoto, High-solids aqueous composite silica-polymer dispersions with good storage stability, their manufacture and use in coatings, Japanese Patent 11-209622 (1999). 

The water chemistry of acidic effluents draining abandoned metal and coal mines is usually characterized by low pH and high sulfate concentrations, and commonly includes high contents of iron and aluminum. This aqueous composition determines not only the complexation of both metals (dominated by sulfate and bisulfate ionic species), but also the mineralogy of their... 

Support for these views was obtained from electrophoresis measurements referred to earlier (58) on fine particles of precipitate withdrawn from a series of aqueous compositions containing a constant concentration (0.1%) of Polymer JR and varying amounts of SDS. In brief, below the stoichiometric SDS concentration the particles bear a positive charge, and above it a negative charge. Near the stoichiometric ratio, the particles in suspension have zero or little charge. Ohbu et al. (85) have reported similar findings. 

Kado, T. A method for detecting stains on a contact lens using an aqueous composition containing a dye. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000065840, 2000 Chem. Abstr. 2000, 132, 199093. 

The DSC data for the aqueous compositions all reveal multiple endothermic peaks. For simplicity, only peaks due to the chain melting are shown. The AA(H)/DEQ(H) pulsion with 0% soft-tallow amidoamine shows two distinct endothermic transitions at 41.6°C and 55.5°C. These peaks are probably due to the chain melting of DEQ(H) and AA(H), respectively. As the amount of soft-tallow amidoamine increases, these peaks merge to a single transition. This transition further shifts to low values for example, the chain melting occurs at 47.5°C for an emulsion with 100% soft-tallow amidoamine, AA(S). The overall calorimetric enthalpy changes are also lowered as one inaeases the amount of soft-tallow amidoamine in the emulsions. 

In Fig. 1 the redox potentials are calculated for unit activities of reactants and products except protons which are assigned a value corresponding to pH 7. Redox potentials depend on the activities of both reactants and products, and will change as the aqueous composition of the groundwater changes. The reader is referred to a general text such as Stumm Morgan (1996) to review how redox potentials are calculated and how they depend on solution composition and aqueous speciation. 

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