Aquatic ion of hydrogen

Keywords nanostructure, aquatic ion of hydrogen, proton conduction, computational chemistry, modeling... 

In the given investigation we taking under consideration transport of aquatic ions of hydrogen and a proton on areas laying inside supermolecule (H20)n, which is shown on Fig. 2. 

The second type is typical of interaction between H O and ions. When they meet, water dipoles orient in the electrostatic field of ions, pulled in by the end with the opposite charge and become less mobile. This way form super-molecule associations of the aquatic complex type - [ionCH O) ]. Such process is called hydration, and formed complexes - hydrates. Diluted solutions are dominated by saturated aquatic complexes where each ion is surrounded by water molecules, for instance, Cu[H20]g, Ni[H20]g. Even ions of hydrogen and hydroxyl OH" do not exist in water... 

Between the wall of the cell and any ions (H+, H30+, H502+) forces of supermolecular hydrogen P-bonds and electrostatic y-bonds operate (see Fig. 2). Surfaces of intermolecular potential energy have been calculated by density functional method stated in our paper [6], Necessary data about spatial distributions of electron charge density inside framework of aqua multiparticle had been taken from calculations of aquatic ions and the ring of water (H20)n by using of standard molecular orbital method in the minimal basis set (STO-3G). Results of calculations are shown in Table 1. 

Thus we may consider that the more covalent the M—O bond tends to be, the more acidic are the hydrogen atoms in the aquated ion, but at present there is no extensive correlation of the acidities of aqua ions with properties of the metal. 

Such B-OH are frequently involved in strong B-OH—O-B hydrogen bonds to neighbouring clusters, and short O—O contacts are seen even in the absence of direct location of hydrogen atoms.The possibility of hydroxonium ions is harder to rule out definitively, especially as aquation in these crystals is often highly disordered. The bond valence sums for the vanadium metals are usually between 4.0-4.1. 

Potts, W.T.W. and McWilliams, P.G. (1989) The effects of hydrogen and aluminium ions on fish gills. Seminar Series Acid Toxicity and Aquatic Animals, pp. 201-220. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

There are two major types of metal-organic interactions to be considered in an aquatic system. The first of these is complexation, usually chelation when organic ligands are involved. A reasonable definition of complexation by organics applicable to natural water and wastewater systems is a system in which a species is present that reversibly dissoeiates to a metal ion and an organic complexing species as a function of hydrogen ion concentration ... 

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