Applied voltage changes poly

FIGURE 2.30 Steady-state temperature change as a function of applied voltage for an AMPSA-doped poly-anihne fiber. 

The change of optical absorption in the visible region of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,5-diyl) (structure, cf. Sect. 1.2) is appropriate for a smart window, and the required applied voltage is small. The switching time at room temperature from fully colored to fully bleached is about 4 s, and the stability on repeated switching is very good [43]. The blend of poly(3,4-... 

Electrochromic devices have also utilized LbL assembled films for immobilizing the active electrochromic material that changes color at an applied voltage. Polyviologen (PV) was the first active material that was used for such purposes within PV-PSS multilayers, while the first LbL-based solid-state electrochromic device utilized poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) colloid as the electrochromic material within multilayers of PEDOT/PSS and polyaniline. Other nanoparticles were used for the development of electrochromic devices with LbL films, such as Pmssian blue, polyoxometalate, and tungsten oxide. A recent example demonstrated the use of coordination chemistry-based LbL assembly to fabricate fast-switching electrochromic films of zinc polyiminofiuorene and terpyridine. ... 

This local carrier energy change results in significant OFET current changes, as shown, for example, in pentacene [17,18] and poly(hexylthiophene) [19] OFETs. While the voltage applied to most OFETs in published accounts... 

Flow Cytometer Lab-on-Chip Devices, Rgure 5 MIcrofabrIcated Coulter counter (a) scanning electron microscope image of the Coulter counter. The 3.5 (Jim deep resenroirs and the inner Ti/Pt electrodes, which control the voltage applied to the pore but pass no current are only partially shown. The inset shows a magnified view of this devices pore, which has dimensions 5.1 x1.5x1. Opm and (b) relative changes in baseline current versus time for a mono-disperse solution of 87 nm diameter latex colloids and a poly-disperse solution of latex colloids with diameters 460,500,560, 640 nm [3]... 

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