Applied Aqueous Geochemistry

Here (/3) 1, the inverse of (/ ), is the transformation matrix, which is applied frequently in petrology (e.g., Brady, 1975 Greenwood, 1975 Thompson, 1982), but somewhat less commonly in aqueous geochemistry. 

David, A. Ashenberg, D. 1988. The aqueous geochemistry of Berkly Pit, Butte, Montana, USA. Applied Geochemistry, 4, 23-36. 

The fast reactions of ions between aqueous and mineral phases have been studied extensively in a variety of fields including colloidal chemistry, geochemistry, environmental engineering, soil science, and catalysis (1-6). Various experimental approaches and techniques have been utilized to address the questions of interest in any given field as this volume exemplifies. Recently, chemical relaxation techniques have been applied to study the kinetics of interaction of ions with minerals in aqueous suspension (2). These methods allow mechanistic information to be obtained for elementary processes which occur rapidly, e.g., for processes which occur within seconds to as fast as nanoseconds (j0. Many important phenomena can be studied including adsorption/desorption reactions of ions at electri fied interfaces and intercalation/deintercalation of ions with minerals having unique interlayer structure. 

Gas-phase molecules play a relatively minor role in the geochemistry of most elements other than FI, C, N, O, and S, so it is important to consider extensions of the theory outlined in the preceding section to other types of materials, particularly aqueous solutions and crystals. In general, the same energetic concepts (especially zero-point energy) apply, but it is necessary to make additional assumptions to deal with the complexities and uncertainties that arise in dealing with condensed phases. 

Sracek, O., Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G. et al. (2004) Behavior of arsenic and geochemical modeling of arsenic enrichment in aqueous environments. Applied Geochemistry, 19(2), 169-80. 

The approach to calculating ionic compositions of the aqueous solution from solubility of the minerals at equilibrium under certain T, P, p, Eh, and gas ffigacity conditions is a well established method in geochemistry (e.g., Anderson and Crerar, 1993 Zhu et al, 1994). Runnells et al. (1992) attempted to apply it to natural background studies. Their models are nevertheless simplistic, as the authors admitted in the paper. The... 

Knauss KG, Dibley MJ, Leif RN, Mew DA, Aines RD. (2000). The aqueous solubility of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) as a function of temperature. Applied Geochemistry 15 501-512. 

Nordstrom, D.K. (2012). Models, validation, and applied geochemistry Issues in science, communication, and philosophy. Applied Geochemistry, 27, 1899-1919. Oelkers, E.H. (1991). Calculation of diffusion coefficients for aqueous organic species at temperatures from 0 to 350°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 3515-3529. Oelkers, E.H., Helgeson, H.C. (1988). Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures Aqueous tracer diffusion coefficients of ions to 1000°C and 5 kb. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 63-85. 

Stigliani WM (1992) Chemical time bombs, predicting the unpredictable. In Chemical time bombs. European state-of-the-art conference on delay effects of chemicals in soils and sediments. Veldhoven, The Netherlands, Sept 2-5, p 12 Swift RS (1977) Soil organic matter studies. IAEA Vienna, pp 275-281 Turner RR, Lowry P, Levin M, Lindberg SE, Tamura T (1982) Leachability and aqueous speciation of selected trace constituents of coal fly ash. Final Report, Research Project 1061-1/EA-2588. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California Voronkevich SD (1994) Engineering geochemistry problems and applications. Applied Geochemistry 9 553-559... 

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