Applications tumor disease identification

In this chapter we will address diagnostic issues involving stromal invasion, papillary lesions, atypical proliferative lesions, discrimination of ductal and lobular neoplasia, identification of breast tumor types, Paget disease of the breast, fibroepithelial lesions, and metastatic breast carcinoma. The diagnostic section is followed by theranostic applications in breast cancer and a discussion regarding immunogenomics. 

With these novel vaccination regimens at hand, it must be evaluated whether cancer can efficiently be cured by a combined application of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, cellular vaccination and/or peptide- or protein-based vaccination. The application of immunotherapy of cancer may be envisaged for cancer patients who have undergone a chemo- or radiation therapy first to reduce the size of the tumor(s) to a minimum before vaccination. The continued identification of tumor-associated or tumor-specific peptides and proteins will enable peptide or protein vaccines to be applied to cancer patients. Those patients who suffer from cancers for which no tumor-derived antigens have been identified could, alternatively, be treated with cellular vaccines. The therapeutic vaccination approach with either vaccine type could hopefully prevent the recurrence of meta-stases and possibly help patients in the cure of this devastating disease. 

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