Applications of size-exclusion chromatography

Examples of the application of size-exclusion chromatography to the analysis of proteins. The separation in (a) uses a single column that in (b) uses three columns, providing a wider range of size selectivity. (Chromatograms courtesy of Alltech Associates, Inc. Deerfield, IL). 

Patapoff, T. W., Mrsny, R. J., and Lee, W. A., The application of size exclusion chromatography and computer simulation to study the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for short-lived dissociable protein aggregates, Anal. Bio-chem., 212, 71, 1993. 

Two analytical methods, size exclusion chromatography and rheology, provide a long chain branching index. The application of size exclusion chromatography to long chain branching analysis was described in Section 5.2.3.1. 

Reynolds, J. G., and Biggs, W. R., Application of Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled With Element-Specific Detection to the Study of Heavy Crude Oil and Residua Processing Accounts of Chemical Research, 1988. 21 pp. 319-326. 

APPLICATIONS OF SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS... 

The calibration standards included sodium form polystyrene sulfonates obtained from Pressure Chemical Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., and sodium toluene sulfonate. Measurements were taken at 0.5 to I.Oml/mln flow rates. The logarithm of the molecular weight of the standards was linear it suggests a framework for approaching an interpretion of the structure of the scission products. This application of size exclusion chromatography measurements must be viewed as a first approximation because of the unmeasured differences between the chromatographic behavior of the linear standards and the expected branched structure of the scission products. 

Table 1. Selected examples of the application of size exclusion chromatography... 

Apparently, reactions similar to those outlined in Equations (57) to (60) occur in dilute ( 10 3 M) solutions of the delocalized active center based on 2,4-hexa-diene 288). This conclusion is based on both spectral results and analysis by the application of size exclusion chromatography. These reactions, though, are supressed 288> at higher concentrations (>10-2 M) of active centers. The transformations which occur under dilute conditions account for the different association numbers 481199) (i.e. 1.7 and 1.4) which have been reported. This has been verified by the observation 288) that Nw for freshly prepared hexa(dienyl)lithium active centers (formed by adding... 

R. L. Miller, R. W Seymour, and L. W Branseome, The application of size-exclusion chromatography to study molecular-weight changes of flame-retardant fiber-reinforced polyesters, Polym. Eng. ScL 592 31-38 (1991). 

Figures 32-14 and 32-15 illustrate typical applications of. size-exclusion chromatography. In the chromatograms shown in Figure 32-14, a hydrophilic packing was used to exclude molecular weiuhts greater than 1000. Several sugars in canned...

The first applications of size exclusion chromatography involved typical vertical gravity flow columns in which sample and solvent were added alternately as described above. In the late 1980 s ion exclusion columns were placed in HPLC instruments and a one-pass-size exclusion separation was made. The advantage of this technique is that, in a complex mixture, the ionics are separated immediately from the nonionics, and then the nonionics can be separated in a regular manner. 

APPLICATION OF SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE STUDY OF THE SPECIATION OF VARIOUS METALS... 

FIGURE 28-28 Applications of size-exclusion chromatography, (a) Separation of fatty acids. Column polystyrene based, 7.5 x 600 nm, with exclusion limit of t x t0 Mobile phase telrahydrofuran. Flow rale 1.2 mL/min. Deteclor refractive index, (b) Analysis of a commercial epoxy resin n - number of monomeric units in the polymer). Column porous silica 6.2 > 250 mm. Mobile phase letrahydrofuran, Flow rate t.3 mL/min. Deteclor UV absorption. (Courtesy of BTR Separations.)... 

There is one spedal application of size-exclusion chromatography that is different from the techniques discussed so far it is the SEC of oligosacdiarides, whidi is carried out on sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene packings in various ionic forms, most frequently the Ca fornL The moUle phase is water at elevated temperature. An example of this is the determination of the oligomeric compoation of com syrup shown in Figure 8.10. 

Montaudo, M. S., Puglisi, C., Samperi, E, and Montaudo, G., Application of Size Exclusion Chromatography Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight to the Determination of Molecular Masses in Polydisperse Polymers, Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom., 12, 519, 1998. 

Early researchers in the application of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to asphalt (1-7) noted that SEC (also called GPC, gel permeation chromatography) was very sensitive to differences in asphalts and to changes in composition. This was exploited by Adams and Holmgreen (8) to show differences between various asphalts and between asphalts from the same supplier at different locations. Glover et al. (9,10) used SEC to show how asphalts from a number of suppliers changed with the seasons. It has been used to compare fractions produced by preparative SEC and other methods (9,11-16). 

Determination of molecular weight distribution of a polymer is very often not a simple task. This is one of the reasons it is still not commonly used as a final product specification. Many books have been published on size exclusion chromatography. However, there has still been a need for a book that stresses practical applications of size exclusion chromatography to the important polymeric materials in industry. Hopefully the valuable experiences of the authors in this book... 

This chapter deals with the application of size exclusion chromatography to the analysis of particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) of submicron colloidal systems. The technique which will be discussed is known as hydrodynamic chromatography, or HDC. It is a variation on the SEC method in which the separation columns are packed with non-porous rather than porous beads. In addition, in HDC, the solute to be fractionated is particulate rather than molecular. The overlap between SEC and HDC systems is evidenced by the comparisons listed in Table 10.1. 

Application of Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) to KHI Determination and Characterization... 

Applications of Size-Exclusion Chromatography If a perfect size-exclusion column were available, chromatography could be used for preparative purposes, that is, to separate materials in quantity according to their size. Such an exclusion column is stiU in development. At present two important applications are used ... 

Application of size-exclusion chromatography offline low-angle and multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALLS) [74]. This technique has been used to determine long-chain... 

Montaudo MS, Puglisi C, Samperi F, Montaudo G. Application of size exclusion chromatography matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight to the determination of molecular masses in polydisperse polymers. Rapid Comm Mass Spec 1998 12 519-28. 

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