Applications of povidone

Severe transient postnatal hypothyroidism has been reported in infants whose mothers have received high doses of iodine during pregnancy or multiple local applications of povidone-iodine during pregnancy and for delivery (SED-14, 472). Transient neonatal hypothyroidism during breastfeeding after postnatal maternal topical iodine treatment has also been reported (68). 

The application of povidone-iodine formulations cannot be recommended for surgical hand disinfection, since active iodine-free formulations are available. 

Arena J, Eguileor I, Emparanza J. Repercusion sobre la function tiroidea del RN a termino de la aplicacion de povidona iodada en el munon umbilical. [Repercussion of the application of povidone-iodine to the umbilical stump on thyroid function of the neonate at term.] An Esp Pediatr 1985 23(8) 562-8. 

Akiyama, H. et al., Changes in Staphylococcus aureus density and lesion severity after topical application of povidone-iodine in cases of atopic dermatitis. J. Dermatol. Sci. 16, 23-30, 1997. 

Table 57. Main applications of povidone in the pharmaceuticals industry ...

The main area of application of povidone K 25,30 and 90 is as a binder for tablets and granules, as well as hard gelatin capsules. Its use is independent of whether wet or dry granulation or direct compression is used (Fig. 36), as povidone acts as a binder in all these processes. 

To demonstrate the application of povidone in the direct compression technique, metronidazole tablets (Table 72) and vitamin B complex tablets (Table 73) were tested in the laboratory. 

Clinical Applications of Povidone-Iodine as a Topical Antimicrobial... 

By Lee, FS Trainor, WR Thoden. Topical application of povidone-iodine in the management of decubitus and stasis ulcers. J Am Geriatr Soc 27 302-306, 1979. 

Povidone is an iodophor, that means an iodine carrier which in solutions and on heating releases iodine. However, the disadvantages of iodine (i.e. unpleasant odour, skin irritation, staining of tissue and corrosions of metal surfaces) are diminished. On dilution in water I2, HOI, OI" and I3 are set free, which are responsible for the antimicrobial action of Povidone. The disinfecting effect extends to different classes of micro-organisms including spores and viruses. The most important application of Povidone is the medical disinfection of skin. 

Detection of IgE antibodies to PVP has been reported in a subject who experienced an immediate reaction that included urticaria and angio-edema following topical application of povidone-iodine, but the weak reaction, interpreted as a positive result after simple adsorption of PVP to a microtiter plate, is not entirely convincing. 

Metabolism Individuals with renal impairment may have prolonged iodine excretion, making them more susceptible to iodine toxicity. A single application of povidone-iodine to subcutaneous tissue (such as in the case of iodine pleurodesis) can cause a significant increase in postoperative serum iodine levels and possible altered mental status in susceptible individuals [79 ]. Chemical pleurodesis using povidone-iodine for treatment of congenital idiopathic chylothorax in neonates was found to be well tolerated in three of four cases. The thyroid funchon was unaltered in the three cases, one case of generalised oedema was observed [80 ]. 

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