Applications in Detergents

The selective enzyme-catalyzed acylation of carbohydrates is of great interest, as of carbohydrates fatty acid esters of carbohydrates have important applications in detergents, cosmetics, foodstuff, and pharmaceuticals because of their surface-active properties. Monoacylated sugars have been synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterifications of activated esters in pyridine and by protease-catalyzed esterifications in DMF. A most remarkable new development... 

The esters formed in this process are hydrolysed in both acid and base conditions and are much less stable than alcohol ethoxylates. This limits the applications in detergents but they have many industrial uses. In the textile industry they have good emulsifying, lubricating, dispersive and antistatic properties. They are also used widely in personal care, institutional and industrial cleaning, crop protection, paints and coatings and adhesives. 

Galante, Y. and Formantici, C., Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries. Current Organic Chemistry 2003, 7 (13), 1399-1422. 

The 13—carbon tridecyl alcohol is usually considered to be a plasticizer range alcohol because of its manufacture by the oxo process and its use in making plasticizers. On the other hand, some types of linear 9- and 11-carbon alcohols find major application in detergents. 

Polymeric polycarboxylates, such as polyacrylates and acrylate-maleate copolymers, are finding usage as cobuilders in zeolite-carbonate builder systems. Polymers are finding increasing application in detergent formulations as dispersing... 

The selective oxidation of sucrose is likely to lead to mono-, di-, and polycarboxylic acids (Scheme 21.4). These derivatives have a potential application in detergents, to replace phosphates, thanks to their properties of nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. 

In the pure form phosphoric acid is a colorless solid (m.p. 42.2°C). The phosphoric acid we use in the laboratory is usually an 82 percent H3PO4 solution (by mass). Phosphoric acid and phosphates have many commercial applications in detergents, fertilizers, flame retardants, and toothpastes, and as buffers in carbonated beverages. 

Since then, zeolites have been developed into key materials in the chemical industry. While the production of synthetic zeolites in 1986 exceeded some 1100 million lbs worldwide (Chen and Degnan 1988), a similar production is expected in the USA within the next few years. Table 1 gives the US demand for zeolites in 1995 and the demand expected in 2000 (Hairston 1996). Although ion-exchange applications in detergents (using zeolite A) are the largest zeolite uses, one of the most potentially lucrative markets... 

However, we expect that, from now on,.SE demand will occur in fields other than food. As an example of SE s potential, I would like today to discuss its application in detergents. 

Galante, Y. M., and C. Formantici. 2003. Enzyme Applications in Detergency and in Manufacturing Industries. Current Organic Chemistry 7 (13) 1399-1422. 

N Acyl ED3A Chelating Surfactants Properties and Applications in Detergency... 

Although aqueous systems constitute the major portion of surfactant applications in detergency, nonaqueous or dry cleaning processes also constitute an important economic factor. Included in such processes are the familiar dry cleaning processes as applied to fine fabrics and articles that are adversely affected by water, as well as processes for the cleaning of various metal and ceramic parts that cannot tolerate significant exposure to moisture. 

---