Applications granulation

Besides the formulations for foliar application, granules for rice seedling box application have been developed, 1.5 GR and 4.5 GR CaLypso , and the combination product WinBariard (5.5 GR, 9+carpropamid). 

One more application area is composite materials where one wants to investigate the 3D structure and/or reaction to external influences. Fig.3a shows a shadow image of a block of composite material. It consists of an epoxy matrix with glass fibers. The reconstructed cross-sections, shown in Fig.3b, clearly show the fiber displacement inside the matrix. The sample can be loaded in situ to investigate the reaction of matrix and fibers to external strain. Also absorption and transmission by liquids can be visualized directly in three-dimensions. This method has been applied to the study of oil absorption in plastic granules and water collection inside artificial plant grounds. 

The stirring produces the end product in the desired divided-sohds form. Hence, it is frequently termed a granulator or a ciystaUizer. A variety of factoiy-made sizes in various materials of construction are available. Initial cost is modest, while operating cost is rather high (as is true of all batch devices), but the ability to process gummy burdens and/or simultaneously effect two unit operations often yields an economical application. 

The Andritz-Sprout-Bauer attrition miU (Fig. 20-51) is available in single- and double-runner models with 30- to 91-cm- (12- to 36-in.-) diameter disks and with power ranging up to 750 kW (1000 hp). By the use of a variety of plates and sheirconstruciions these units are represented in such applications as coarse granulating, piilveriz-ing, and shredding. 

Method Product size (mm) Granule density Scale of operation Additional comments Tyj)ical applications... 

Centrifugal granulators 0.3 to 3 Moderate to high Up to 200 kg hatch Powder layering and coating applications pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals... 

In the pharmaceutical industiy, pan granulators are still widely used for coating application. Pans are suitable for coating only relatively large granules or tablets. For smaller particles, the probability of coalescence is too high. 

Traditionally, active carbons are made in particulate form, either as powders (particle size < 100 pm, with an average diameter of -20 pm) or granules (particle size in the range 100 pm to several mm). The main precursor materials for particulate active carbons, PAC, are wood, coal, lignite, nutshells especially from coconuts, and peat. In 1985, 360 kt of such precursors (including 36 % wood and 28 % coal) were used to make active carbons [10], of which nearly 80 % were used in liquid-phase applications, with the rest being used in gas-phase applications. Important factors in the selection of a precursor material for an active carbon include availability and cost, carbon yield and inorganic (mainly mineral) matter content, and ease of activation. 

Zeolite Pellets or granules of aluminum silicate, used in water treatment or aircleaning applications. 

The application methods will be categorised by the physical form of the thermoplastic, e.g. liquid, powder, granule. 

The granulation of the applicable class of Amm Picrate shall be as specified in Table 2... 

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