Coating applications, pharmaceutical

Centrifugal granulators 0.3 to 3 Moderate to high Up to 200 kg hatch Powder layering and coating applications pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals... 

Spouted beds Wiirster coaters Moderate (layered) 50 ton/hr continuous cohesive powders, good for coating applications detergents Batch pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, nuclear wastes... 

In the pharmaceutical industiy, pan granulators are still widely used for coating application. Pans are suitable for coating only relatively large granules or tablets. For smaller particles, the probability of coalescence is too high. 

KOR Lehmann. Chemistry and application properties of polymethacrylate coating systems. In JW McGinity, ed. Aqueous Polymeric Coatings for Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, 2nd ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 1997, pp 101-176. 

Lehman K, Klaus OR (1989) In McGinity JW (ed) Chemistry and application properties of polymethacrylate coating systems in aqueous polymeric coating for pharmaceutical dosage forms. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 153... 

White pigmented shellac is used as a primer—sealer for interior applications. Shellac is used as a protective coating for pharmaceuticals to maintain the potency of medication. Several coats of shellac glaze protect medication from the effects of stomach acids so that the medication is not released before the tablet reaches the intestines. 

A more recently introduced concept, described by Staniforth et al. (17), involves the use of electrophotographic principles (essentially those used in the photocopying process) as a basis for the application of dry powder coatings to pharmaceutical tablets. This concept is illustrated in Figure 19. 

When suspended colloidal particles form a network through the liquid, viscosity is increased. For silica gels the thickening and thixotropic effects are used in a large number of applications. The silica is mixed with paints, coatings, inks, pharmaceutical and cosmetics with this purpose.34... 

Denis, C., Hemati, M., Chulia, D., Lanne, J., Buisson, B., Daste, G., and Elbaz, F. (2003), A model of surface renewal with application to the coating of pharmaceutical tablets in rotary drums, Powder Technol., 130,174-180. 

Fatty acids, salts, alcohols, and amines have been utilized in pharmaceutical formulations. Fatty acids are present in cosmetics, ointments, and suppositories and are used in tablet coating applications and as carriers in inhalant products. Fully saturated fatty... 

Nagai, T. Obara, S. Kokubo, H. Hoshi, N. Application of HPMC and HPMCAS to aqueous film coating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In Aqueous Polymeric Coatings for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2nd Ed. McGinity, J.W., Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1997 177-225. 

Cellulose can be esterifled with almost any organic acid [81,82,84], Whereas this is possible in principle with both alkyl chlorides and carboxylic anhydrides, commercial practice has focused on the anhydride option. Although many esters have been described in the literature, industrially manufactured organic esters are prepared only with aliphatic fatty acids with between 2 and 4 carbon atoms in length (i. e., acetates to butyrates, CA to CB). Exceptions are some mixed esters with phthalic acid, which are used for enteric coatings in pharmaceutical applications and a novel carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB), which is used in water-borne coatings applications [81,84],... 

Acetyltriethyl citrate is used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings. The coating applications include capsules, tablets, beads and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release and enteric formulations. It is also used in diffusion-controlled release drug... 

The movement of the pharmaceutical industry away from volatile solvents for coating applications coupled with advancements in coating equipment design led to an increase in the popularity of latex and pseudolatex coating systems. Latexes and pseudolatexes are both colloidal dispersions of polymer droplets in a continuous aqueous phase, the difference between them being that latex systems are formed by emulsion polymerization... 

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