Application of phosphors

Yang, J., Mosby, D. E., Casteel, S. W. Blanchar, R. W. 2002. In vitro lead bioaccessibility and phosphate leaching as affected by surface application of phosphoric acid in lead-contaminated soil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 43, 399-405. 

Several others have also explored turbine engine and other aerospace applications of phosphor thermometry. For instance, Alaruri et al. exposed samples of Y2O3 Eu to the combustion flows in a burner rig. ° The gas velocities in the rig ranged from 245 to 407 m/sec at roughly atmospheric pressure. Data were taken over the range from 400° C to 1000°C with the overall accuracy of the measurements estimated to be 3%. They noted that the phosphor s fluorescence... 

One of the most successful applications of phosphoric acid has been in gelled electrolytes that are made by adding fumed silica to sulfuric acid [73,74]. Larger phosphate concentrations appear to be tolerated in the gelled acid without adversely affecting cell performance. One reason may be that the plates in these batteries are formed by the dry-charge process and the phosphate is added to the battery with the electrolyte. Addition of silica may also affect the equilibria of phosphate dissociation and/or lead phosphate formation. Further study of these effects may lead to a better understanding of how to control phosphate activities to enhance battery performance. 

This reaction has been modified by the application of phosphoric acid as a cyclization reagent. 

An important application of phosphoric acid is in fuel cells (PAFC) where it serves as an electrolyte in the electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons at about 250 C. Such cells, using 100% H3PO4 in... 

The luminescence of lanthanide ions in solids has been the subject of several books or chapters [1-12] and has an immense scope. Since 1 was asked to write this review within a short time, I have failed to give a comprehensive survey but have given a qualitative overview of several areas with some references to more quantitative treatments. Topics such as lanthanide luminescence of laser materials [4,8,13,14], sensors [15], hybrid materials [16], organolanthanide, and coordination compounds [17] are missing. So what is here in October 2009 - basically, a description of the luminescence spectra of lanthanide ions in the solid state and some applications of phosphor materials. 

Phosphors are composed of the host lattice and the activator, which are discussed in detail in the following section. The optical properties of phosphors are mainly affected by several effects including the nephelauxetic effect, crystal field splitting, energy transfer, and thermal effect. These factors must be considered in practical and actual applications. We also list the suitable phosphors combined with UV- or blue-chip sources that have been developed and extensively used in lighting according to the excitation spectra. Other important factors, such as intensity (quantum efftciency), durability, thermal stability, and bandwidth, are discussed for the representative applications of phosphors. 

Yen MW, Shionoya S, Yamamoto H (2006) Practical applications of phosphors. CRC press, Boca Raton... 

Taken together, the two volumes offer essential insights on the basics and applications of phosphor at the bulk and nano scales. 

D.J. Macko, M. Rutberg, K. Langeland, Pulpal response to the application of phosphoric acid to dentin. Oral Surg. Med. Oral Pathology, 45,930-946,1978. 

Kanuri S, Motupally S (2011) Engineering and application of phosphoric acid fuel cell system. ICEPAG, Costa Mesa, CA... 

G. Jiang, J. Qiaob, and F. Honga, Application of phosphoric acid and phytic acid-doped bacterial cellulose as novel proton-conducting membranes to PEMFC. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 37,9182-9192 (2012). 

After treatment, the black ferric-phosphate coating can be scrubbed off, leaving a fresh metal surface. Multiple applications of phosphoric acid may be required to remove all rust. The black phosphate coating can also be left in place, where it will provide moderate further corrosion resistance. (Such protection is also provided by the superficially similar Parkerizing and blued electrochemical conversion coating processes.)... 

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