Application in the Field of Commodity and Industry Product

Abstract Because of numerous advantages such as excellent properties, varied modification and processing, PLA has wide applications as packaging, fibre, engineering plastic, disposable ware and adhesive. In this chapter, the applications of PLA in die five fields of commodity and industry as mentioned above are discussed. In addition, the modification and processing methods of PLA as well as prospects of its application are analyzed. 

Keywords low carbon environmental protection, packaging, fibre, monofilaments, multiple filaments, nonwoven, engineering plastic, disposable ware, hot-melt adhesive 

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Here, a portfolio of high-value metabolites produced by wild-type LAB displaying applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries was presented. New approaches in the production of commodity chemicals, to replace natural resources, by recombinant LAB strains were briefly addressed. The versatility of this bacterial group demonstrates their potential to be used as cell factories beyond their classical use as food starter cultures, preservatives, or as probiotics. As shown, LAB are systematically screened for novel specific traits or applications thanks to the availability of novel molecular techniques and consumers demands for healthier, tailor-made foods. It is clear that application of LAB as the workhorses of the food industry has expanded to their use as microbial factories to increase yields and product repertoire which were earlier limited by the natural capacity of the existing bacterial biosynthetic pathways. Emerging fields include the design and creation of synthetic microbes to create novel metabolic pathways for new products. Will LAB be included in this next challenging approach ... 

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