Application as indicators

This microwave-assisted decarboxylation method may have broader applicability as indicated by Aberg et al. who showed two other successful examples of decarboxylations [111]. 

It appears that Schumann [60] was one of the first to conduct LES of a reacting flow. However, the assumption made in this work to neglect the contribution of the SGS scalar fluctuations to the filtered reaction rate needs to be justified for general applications. As indicated in section 9.2, the importance of such fluctuations is well recognized in Reynolds averaged procedures. Therefore, it is natural to believe that these fluctuations are also important in LES. This issue has been the subject of broad investigation [61-76]. 

Hunt et al (12) demonstrated the possibility of obtaining positive and negative ion mass spectra at the same time by employing an electrical field (quadrupole) mass analyzer with rapid switching. This may prove to be a valuable technique in many applications, as indicated by Hunt. 

Excitation of the parasympathetic division causes release of acetylcholine at neuroeffector junctions in different target organs. The major effects are summarized in (A) (blue arrows). Some of these effects have therapeutic applications, as indicated by the clinical uses of parasympathomimetics (P-106). 

Lewis bases toward the metal ions. The OlO must be the actual center of the Lewis base and coordinates to the metal ion, because of the zwitter-ionic character (II) of an imidazopyrazinone. An enhancement of the Lewis acid/base interaction in the metal-ion complexes causes changes in the n-electronic character and increases the aromatic imidazopyrazine property, resulting in the blue shift of the lowest energy bands. Therefore, imidazopyrainone derivatives are potentially applicable as indicators for the Lewis acidity of metal ions. The design of 1,2- and l,3-bis(2-phenylimidazopyzinon-7-ylmethyl)benzene derivatives demonstrated that complexation with the metal ion is enhanced by chelate effects. 

The results of correlation analysis for barbituric acid derivatives should be interpreted carefully, bearing in mind that the majority of results deal only with compounds (sometimes a few) used in therapy, which restrict the full representation of the class. Although highly significant correlations are observed for closely related compounds, the generalization of such correlations often lowers their significance. Some problems can also be encountered with appropriate determination and/or selection of experimental data and parameters used in correlation analysis, but one can assume that this method will be further developed and will expand the range of its applicability, as indicated in more recent papers.572,573... 

As indicated earlier, in spite of a long history of association with the aerospace Industry, the products find only limited use in specific applications. The evolution of volatiles during the cure complicates the formation of intricate shapes. When cured, the resins are highly cross-linked and expectedly brittle. They also oxidize readily in air at elevated temperatures. The main areas of aerospace application as indicated are adhesives, ablatives, and carbon-carbon composites. 

Semiconductor lasers are ideal excitation sources, and they have already been demonstrated to be remarkably versatile and useful in a number of spectroscopic applications, as indicated by Ishibashi and cowotkers (22,23). These solid-state devices are inexpensive, small, easy to use, long-lived, and require little maintenance. The problem with semiconductor lasers is that powerful singlemode lasers are only available at NIR wavelengths, although this is likely to change in the near future. Until this work, however, no report had been made of the use of diode lasers for SERS. Recently, we demonstrated NIR SERS with a diode-laser excitation source and investigated the characteristics of the technique (Angel, S.M. Myrick, M.L. unpublished data). 

Study of complex processes, as described above, would be an area of continued interest which would be stimulated by the need for understanding cardiac and biological control mechanism required for clinical detection and control and their applications as indicated earlier. 

Finally, it is worth reemphasizing the microstructural properties of ZTA basically responsible for its advanced performance and key role in biomedical applications, as indicated earlier. In brief ... 

The FRP strengthening application, as indicated in the CSLLPP guidelines, should be carried out by taking into account the instructions provided in the codes and in the recently published literature on the issue of anti-seismic structures, as follows ... 

Only two superconducting metallic phases are used routinely in superconducting wires for applications the Mb—Ti solid solution phase and the NbsSn intermetalUc phase. Due to the difference of their intrinsic superconducting properties and 5c2, they have different ranges of application as indicated in Table 4.2-8. 

The currently considered basic design version of the MARS does not provide for incorporation of special systems for non-electric applications in the plant itself It is anticipated that the off-peak electric power generated by the plant operating in a base load mode could be used to power various process applications, as indicated in Table XXVIII-1. 

Because of their favorable electrical properties, excellent reliability, low maintenance, rugged design, and long life, nickel-cadmium batteries are used in a large variety of applications, as indicated in Table 26.4. Most of these are of an industrial nature, but this type of battery is also used in many commercial, military and space applications. 

A growing interest in fluorinated derivatives of quinolines stimulates research smdies aimed at development of novel methods of synthesis, studying of reactivity of fluorinated quinolines and their plausible practical applications, as indicated by numerous publications, including recent monograph and review articles [1-4],... 

Over the years, many penetrants have been developed that vary in sensitivity and application. As indicated in the enclosed information sheets from the manufacturers, the penetrants are divided into water washable and post-emtdsifiable (solvent remover) types. Commonly used penetrants include ZL-17B or Ardrox 970-P10 (water washable) and ZL-22A (solvent typel. Care must be taken to ensure that the correct combinations of penetrants, removers, and developers are used. In addition, a test should never be repeated using a different penetrant type because complete masking of the defects will occur. 

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