Appetite hunger

I have been working with a paradigm list of natural appetites— hunger, thirst, and sex—but l have no precise account of the criteria of membership. The natural appetites have to do with what is needed for the health or flourishing of the individual, 1 said, but sexual appetite is anomalous in a number of respects. Sexual attraction often exhibits a... 

HUNGER AND APPETITE. Hunger is the physiological desire for food following a period of fasting. Appetite, on the other hand. Is a learned or habitual response to the presence of food. An individual that is extremely hungry may not have an appetite for a type of food that it deems undesirable. Conversely, if the food is of a desirable nature,... 

Gastrointestinal Hunger, nausea Thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, excessive urination... 

Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., Penev, P. 8r Van, C. E. (2004). Brief communication Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann. Intern. Med. 141, 846-50. 

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin have other responsibilities in the body besides dictating hunger. For example, norepinephrine also helps control blood pressure. Drugs that affect the level of these neurotransmitters interfere with other body processes and produce negative side effects. A drug that increases norepinephrine will decrease appetite, but... 

Figure 3.1 Appetite is controlled by many body processes, as shown here. The arrows indicate things that increase and decrease hunger. All of these processes work by sending signals to the brain to indicate a feeling of hunger or satiety (fullness). Certain diet pills called appetite suppressants may work in the same way as some of these body processes, by sending signals to the brain that indicate satiety and say stop eating ...

Figure 3.2 Normally, when the stomach is full it sends a signal to the brain telling the body to stop eating. This message is carried by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain) to the hunger center in the hypothalamus (a part of the brain). Examples of neurotransmitters that carry this message are norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Many diet pills increase these same neurotransmitters that signal the brain that the stomach is full. These diet pills, called appetite suppressants, trick the brain into thinking the stomach is full and therefore decrease hunger.

Appetite Stimulants. A large body of neuroscience research indicates that serotonin plays a prominent role in the modulation of appetite. Increases in serotonin availability in certain brain regions confer a sense of satiety, and decreases of serotonin are associated with hunger. Consequently, agents that block the release or action of serotonin in the brain increase appetite and should theoretically be helpful in the treatment of AN. 

The less a visceral process is limited by a concrete substrate, the less distinct do phases of appetite and satisfaction become. Sexual desire looks like a borderline case, a conventional hunger that acts somewhat like an emotion. That is, sexual experience entirely in fantasy can be robustly rewarding in the absence of any prospect of physical satisfaction. Sexual foreplay and fantasy do not use up drive and sexual partners who cannot reach orgasm eventually tire of an episode without... 

In two-factor theory, hungers and other appetites must be elicited by stimuli that are outside of the person s control. If the theory s other assumptions were true, this tenet would be both possible and necessary. It would be possible because two-factor theory holds appetites to be special kinds of processes that initially depend on innate releasing stimuli but that can come to be elicited by arbitrary cues through pairing alone. It would be necessary in the case of aversive appetites, because, with conventional exponential discounting, there is no other mechanism to make a person generate them. The easiest cure for fear... 

An individual s unlearned potential to be rewarded in a particular modality, which probably should be called drive for lack of a widely accepted alternative, forms the motivational basis for hungers, cravings, emotions, and appetites. Drives constrain what can be rewarding and do not themselves depend on reward. 

Carlson, A. J. 1916. "The Relation of Hunger to Appetite." In The Control of Hunger in Health and Disease. Chicago University of Chicago Press. 

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