APP gene

A number of family mutations of the APP gene on chromosome 21 have been found, generally in early-onset AzD patients in different countries, all of which lead to increased jS-amyloid production. Also chromosome 21 is abnormally trisomic in Down Syndrome and most Down sufferers develop AzD if they reach 40 years. In transgenic mice, expressing familial AzD mutations of APP, the overexpression of APP is accompanied by increased amyloid deposition but whether this is due to the mutation or overexpression of APP is uncertain. Also not all the animals show memory loss and that tends to precede the amyloid disposition. 

Sakai, T., Hohjoh, H. (2006) Gene silencing analyses against amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene family by RNA interference. Cell. Biol. Int. E-pub ahead of print. 

After the first discovery of the mutation in the APP gene by Hardy and Allsop (1991), authors described the first NSEAPP mouse model of AD (Quon et al., 1991). Then, other human APP transgenics were developed PDAPP, Tg2576, APP23, TgCRNDS, and J20. The APP transgene carried one or two mutations at the... 

Liddell MB, Bayer AJ, Owen MJ (1995) No evidence that common allelic variation in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) gene confers susceptibility to Aldieimer s disease. Hum Mol Genet 4 853-858. 

The stimulation of transcription of the APP genes in the liver is incorporated in a complex interchange of cytokines, growth factors and glucocorticoid hormones that are released during a systemic defence reaction. 

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