Aphanizomenon ovalisporum

Cylindrospermopsin has also been isolated from Umezakia natans and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. Algal blooms that produce cylindrospermopsin are widespread in tropical waters where occurrences of gastro-... 

P.D. Banker, S. Carmeli, O. Hadas, B. Teltsch, R. Porat and A. Sukenik, Identification of cylindrospermopsin in Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Cyanophyceae) isolated from Lake Kinneret, Israel, J. Phycol., 33 (1997) 613-616. 

The same toxin has been subsequently isolated from the cyanobacterium Umezakia natans in Japan (Harada 1994) and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in both Australia (Shaw 1999) and Israel (Banker 1997). An analogue of cylindrospermopsin such as 7-epicylindrospermopsin has been recently characterized as a toxic minor component of a strain of Aph. ovalisporum from Israel (Banker 2000). See Fig. 14.3. 

Banker, R., Teltsch, B., Sukenik, A. and Carmeli, S. 2000. 7-epicylindrospermopsin, a toxic minor metabolite of the cyanohdictenum Aphanizomenon ovalisporum from Lake Kinneret, Israel. Journal of Natural Products 63 387-389. 

Shaw, G.R., Sukenik, A., Livne, A., Chiswell, R.K., Smith, M.J., Seawright, A.A., Norris, R.L., Eaglesham, G.K., and Moore, M.R. 1999. Blooms of the cylindrospermopsin containing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti), in newly constructed lakes, Queensland, Australia. Environmental Toxicology 14 167-177. 

To date, eylindrospermopsins are only known to be produced by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Hawkins et al, 1985), Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Banker et al, 2000 Shaw et al, 1999), Umezakia natans (Harada et al, 1994), and Raphidiopsis curvata (Li et al, 2001), mainly in tropical areas. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been identified in New Zealand field extracts, but the toxin-producing cyanobacterium was not identified (Stirling and QuUliam, 2001). 

The first species from which CYN was isolated, C. raciborskii, is considered as a tropical species expanding its distribution to temperate zones, likely driven by climate warming." " Isolates of this species from Europe, however, did not produce detectable amounts of CYN" but other, unidentified toxic compounds." Further species to produce CYN have been recently reported as Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, ° Anabaena bergii, Anabaena lapponica, and Aphanizomenon flos-aqua, the latter one being very common and forming dense water blooms in temperate eutro-phied freshwaters. ... 

Banker, R. et al., 7-epicyclindrospermopsin, a toxic minor metabolite of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum from lake Kinneret, Israel, J. Nat. Prod., 63, 387, 2000. 

Shaw, G.R. et al., Blooms of the cylindrospermopsin containing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti), in newly constructed lakes, Queensland, Australia, Environ. Toxicol., 14, 167, 1999. 

Cylindrospermopsin (C15H21N5O7S MW = 415.4), synthesized by the blue-green algae, Cylindro-spermopsis raciborskii, Umezakia natans, and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, presents a chemical... 

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Ohtani, Moore, and Runnegar, 1992 7-Epiqflindrospermopsin (R = 7(S)-OH) Aphanizomenon ovalisporum Banker et al., 2000 Deoxyqflindrospermopsin (R = H) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Norris et al, 1999... 

White, J.D. and Hansen, J.D. (2005) Total synthesis of (—)-7-epicylindrospermopsin, a toxic metabolite of the freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, and assignment of its absolute configuration. J. Org. Chem., 70,1963—1977. 

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